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Finanziamento delle Chiese nella Repubblica Ceca con speciale riguardo alla Chiesa greco-cattolica

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Dvořáček J.

Kościół i Prawo

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2017

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nr 6 (19) nr 2

229-240

EN

This article presents a system of financing churches and religious societies in the Czech Republic with emphasis on financing the Greek Catholic Church. The text deals with the history of church funding in the territory of Czechoslovakia since 1918, with emphasis on the liquidation of the Greek-Catholic Church after 1948 under the communist regime. After its fall in the autumn of 1989, within the framework of the restoration of the free operation of the churches, there was a gradual property settlement between the state and the churches, up to the current model of financing of churches and religious societies according to the Act on Property Compensation with Churches and Religious Societies. In terms of Czech Confessional Law, the Roman Catholic and Greek Catholic Church are two independent legal entities. In the framework of the Czech Bishops’ Conference (ČBK), the Greek Catholic Church has a disadvantage because the Czech Bishops’ Conference defends only the financial interests of the Roman Catholic Church. Financially, the Apostolic Exarchate is currently fully dependent on financial compensation from the state and its contributions. In the future, however, it will be necessary to look for own sources of funding, including support from the Roman Catholic dioceses in the Czech Republic.

PL

W artykule został przedstawiony system finansowania kościołów i związków wyznaniowych w Republice Czeskiej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem finansowania Kościoła Grekokatolickiego. Tekst dotyczy historii finansowania kościoła na terytorium Czechosłowacji od 1918 r., ze zwróceniem uwagi na likwidację Kościoła Grekokatolickiego po 1948 r. przez reżim komunistyczny. Po jego upadku jesienią 1989 r., w ramach przywrócenia swobodnego funkcjonowania kościołów, nastąpiło stopniowe wyrównanie majątkowe między państwem a kościołami, które doprowadziło do aktualnego modelu finansowania na podstawie obecnej ustawy o wyrównaniu majątkowym z Kościołami i związkami wyznaniowymi. Z punktu widzenia czeskiego prawa wyznaniowego Kościół Rzymskokatolicki i Kościół Grekokatolicki są dwoma niezależnymi podmiotami prawnymi. W ramach Konferencji Episkopatu Czeskiego (ČBK) Kościół Grekokatolicki zajmuje niekorzystną pozycję, ponieważ Konferencja Episkopatu Czeskiego broni tylko interesów finansowych Kościoła Rzymskokatolickiego. Finansowo Egzarchat Apostolski jest obecnie w pełni uzależniony od finansowej rekompensaty ze strony państwa i jego wkładów. W przyszłości jednak konieczne będzie poszukiwanie własnych źródeł finansowania, łącznie ze wsparciem ze strony diecezji rzymskokatolickich w Republice Czeskiej.

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PROPUŠTĚNÍ Z DUCHOVNÍHO STAVU A SESAZENÍ NA NIŽŠÍ STUPEŇ SVĚCENÍ PODLE KODEXU KÁNONŮ VÝCHODNÍCH CÍRKVÍ Z R. 1990

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Dvořáček J.

Studia theologica

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2012

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tom 14

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nr 3

102–111

EN

The article initially mentions the main features of the oriental penal canon law and its differences from the Latin penal canon law: the main and unique goal of the penalty in the CCEO is the remedy of the delinquent. The other differences are the following: penalties latae sententiae do not exist in the oriental penal canon law; the principle of legacy is strictly required as a defense against arbitrariness; there are no retaliatory penalties, on the contrary, all the penalties are remedial or censurae. However, the main scope of the article is the presentation of two penalties: the penalty of dismissal from the clerical state and the degradation to the lower grade. While the penalty of dismissal in the CCEO corresponds to the Latin regulation in the CIC, the penalty of degradation is typically oriental and has no parallel in the Latin code. The way in which this penalty is contained in the oriental ecclesiastic tradition is illustrated by examples of facts of the crimes penalized by the Apostolic canons and by the canons of the Council in Trullo with degradation.

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Pojem církve sui iuris v současném církevním právu

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Dvořáček J.

Studia theologica

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2016

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tom 2

105-117

EN

This article is a further contribution to the clarification of the concept of the Church sui iuris. It provides a brief overview of its development from the MP Postquam apostolicis litteris (1952) to the valid Code of Canons of Oriental Churches (CCEO) of 1990 and provides an analysis of the canon 27 CCEO which defines the concept of Ecclesia sui iuris. The second part of the article offers an overview of the Eastern Catholic Churches, as contained in the latest edition of the Pontifical Yearbook Annuario Pontificio, and also briefly assesses the canonical status of the Apostolic Exarchate in the Czech Republic. The reality of the Eastern Catholic Churches is extremely diverse and still under development and consequently the application of canon 27 CCEO is not always entirely clear. All the Eastern Catholic Churches are, however, according to the Second Vatican Council, of equal dignity and enjoy the same rights (OE 3).

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Zdroje filozofického myšlení Karla Rahnera

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Dvořáček J.

Studia theologica

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2014

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tom 4

80-94

EN

The article deals with the basics of metaphysics of the German theologian Karl Rahner, as it developed in his key works Geist in Welt and Hörer des Wortes. In both cases, the article pertains to the second edition of both works, which are revised and supplemented. The starting point for the philosophical thinking of Karl Rahner can be seen in four philosophical streams: the classical scholasticism of St. Thomas Aquinas, Immanuel Kant’s transcendental reflection, the intellectual dynamism of Joseph Maréchal and the existential philosophy of Martin Heidegger. More specifically, the scope of the article is to explore the question that is the fundamental basis of Rahner’s metaphysics. The question has two sides: the interrogativeness (which demonstrates the original unity of knowledge and being) and the disputableness (doubtfulness, alienation of being by the matter). Finally, the article raises certain objections to Rahner’s metaphysical starting point. The main objection to the subjectivism can be seen as having been overcome in Rahner’s theology of the symbol.