Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Reineckes Erbe. Die absolute Chronologie der Frühbronzezeit Mährens – ein Diskussionsansatz

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Peška J.

Studia Hercynia

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2019

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nr 24

97-115

EN

This paper on the absolute chronology of the Early Bronze Age in Central Europe is based on the available dates that have to be critically examined, with all the risks and limitations arising from their acquisition and evaluation. The different beginning of the Early Bronze Age in the Carpathian Basin (except for Slovakia) and in the Balkans does not find support either at the social, economic or super structural level, or in the new finds of tin bronze artefacts. The attempts to create a fine absolute chronology based on graves with various types of pins are tentative and point to the limitations of present day dating methods.

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ČASNĚ ENEOLITICKÁ TĚŽKÁ MĚDĚNÁ INDUSTRIE VE SBÍRKÁCH MUZEA V KROMĚŘÍŽI. NÁLEZY Z KROMĚŘÍŽSKA A ZE SLOVENSKA A JEJICH LOKACE

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Peška J.

Študijné zvesti

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2022

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tom 69

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nr 2

223-234

EN

For three Early Eneolithic copper artefacts (2 x cross-edged axe of the Jászladány type and one flat axe of the Rödigen type) from Moravia and Slovakia, previously published and stored in the collections of the Museum in Kroměříž, we have managed to clarify the location (Liptovský Mikuláš), the typochronology (flat axe of the Rödigen type) and to carry out a new XRF palaeometallurgical analysis. As a result, we found pure copper (E00) used in both cross-edged axes and arsenic copper of the Handlová type in the flat axe. The rarity of the artefacts is illustrated by the fact that in the case of the flat axe it is only the second or sixth specimen in Slovakia and Moravia. More numerous is the representation of cross-edged axes, where both finds represent the northern border of the core of distribution, which is the Balkan-Carpathian area. This is not the case for flat axes with a centre of occurrence more to the north-west (Moravia, Bohemia, and central Germany). All three objects can be dated to the Early Eneolithic and associated with the Jordan culture in Moravia and the Bodrogkeresztúr culture in Slovakia.

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NEJSTARŠÍ BRÝLOVITÉ ZÁVĚSKY A DALŠÍ HONOSNÉ TYPY ŠPERKŮ VE STŘEDNÍ EVROPĚ

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Peška J. , Ondrkál F.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2023

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tom 71

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nr 2

189 - 233

EN

Standardized spiral pendants and Stollhof-Csáford type phalerae are the most distinctive metal jewellery of Central European Early Metallic Age. In particular, the massive spectacle pendants of the Malé Leváre type occupy an important position in the systematics trying to reconstruct the origin and transmission of the universal design of this type of jewellery in the period of the 5th and 4th millennia BC in Western Eurasia. This study maps their cultural-historical, chronological, metrical or paleometallurgical data, allowing a diachronic as well as a synchronic view in the light of contemporary issues. The study presents an updated typological assessment and knowledge gathered over a century of archaeological research, newly supplemented with specimens from Beluša, Bzenec, Ivanovce, Krnov, Rajec, Rousínov, Trenčianske Teplice and Žitná-Radiša. The new phalerae hoard of Dolná Poruba-Homôľka allows us to present certain originality in the Carpathian geographical space, which, together with the lens of modern natural science research, shifts the interpretation from static metallurgical zones to dynamic technological networks of Chalcolithic communities in Central Europe.

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PERIODIZACE EPIŠŇŮROVÉHO PŘIKARPTASKÉHO KULTURNÍHO KOMPLEXU NA MORAVĚ A VE SLEZSKU

63%

Peška J. , Králik M.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2020

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tom 68

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nr 2

219 - 252

EN

The article summarises the previous research on the Epicorded Carpathian Cultural Complex (ECCC) in Moravia and Silesia, particularly with respect to the currently used terminology and internal periodisation. Apart from typo-chronology also some methods of multidimensional statistics of several hundred grave complexes were used, whose results are mutually compared and correlated with a small series of absolute dates. Despite some inaccuracies or discrepancies, the earlier published postulates about the internal development of material culture of the ECCC were proved correct. The only representative of this development in East Moravia and in the southern part of Upper Silesia is the Nitra/Mierzanowice Culture (the formerly used Chłopice-Veselé Group/Culture represents 2 chronologically different stages). The culture is newly divided into 5 phases: Proto-Nitra Culture, Early Nitra Culture, Old, Classical and Post-classical Nitra Culture with clear characteristics of all phases, selected examples of typical representatives and distinction of 6 burial horizons in the cemetery of Holešov. Due to similarity of material, the Epicorded finds north of the Moravian Gate and in Silesia are suggested to be classified as Mierzanowice Culture, and the finds south of the Moravian Gate and in SW Slovakia should be classified as Nitra Culture.

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ENEOLITICKÝ DEPOT Z BECKOVA A JEHO TRANSKARPATSKÉ INTERAKCIE

51%

Farkaš Z. , Peška J. , Ondrkál F.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2023

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tom 71

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nr 1

1 - 23

EN

Early copper metallurgy in the western part of the Carpathians is insufficiently documented from a technological point of a view. The Early Chalcolithic copper hoard of Beckov-Zbojnícky vrch (ca. 4100 – 3900 BC) suddenly becomes visible in the eyes of archaeologists as a selective prototype of an individual’s personal equipment and speaks to the autonomous and distinctive development of metallurgy of the Ludanice group in western Slovakia. The standardized inventory replicates the composition of the White Carpathian hoard of Slavkov, thus displaying a strict syntax in the expression of male identity through material objects, and indicating that their owners formed a coherent social group characterized by a common identity, behaviour and lifestyle. The spectrometric signals presented here add new insight into the understanding of early systems of copper acquisition, distribution and consumption, which increasingly require renewed attention, this time with the help of the latest archaeometric techniques and knowledge. The variable composition of the artefacts and the apparent failure to exploit the hardening potential of as underline the early character of this Sb-copper-based metallurgy, which appears to have satisfied consumers’ needs during the late 5th millennium BC.