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Climatic signal in tree-ring chronologies of Cedrus deodara from Chitral Hindukush range of Pakistan

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Khan N. , Ahmed M. , Shaukat S. S.

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tom Vol. 40, no. 3

195--207

EN

Tree-rings are an important tool for the investigation of paleoclimatic records for regions or periods of time with no instrumental climatic data. However, the responses of different species and sites to various climatic parameters are unusual. In the present study, we developed tree-ring-width chronologies of Cedrus deodara from three different sites of Chitral Hindukush range of Pakistan. The study was conducted to understand tree-growth climate relationship and its applicability in proxy climate investigations. The chronologies covered the past 469 to 595 years, with a mean segment length (MSL) ranging from 148 to 223 years. Climatic data obtained from the three weather stations showed strong correlation and was found useful for tree-ring climate relationships. Correlation Function (CF) and Response Function (RF) analysis showed that spring precipitation (March-May) is a critical limiting factor for tree-ring growth, and temperature prior to November may also play a major role in affecting tree ring-growth. The results exposed that the three sites have con-tinuous relationship indicated that only single species from different locations are affected by the same environmental variables and hence can be used in climate reconstruction in combination. The Cedrus deodara chronologies developed at different locations had several corresponding narrow and wide marker rings indicating a large macroclimatic response to regional climatic conditions. The cur-rent study suggests that the tree-rings of Cedrus deodara from the Chitral Hindukush range could be used to develop chronologies for the reconstruction of seasonal climatic variables.

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Use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria [PGPR] and soil organic amendments for the management of root diseases complex of uridbean

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Siddiqui I. A. , Shaukat S. S. , Ehteshamul-Haque S.

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2001

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tom 54

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nr 1

EN

Efficacy of two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa-5 and IE-2) and aBacillus subtilis isolate alone or in conjunction with neem cake or Datura fastuosa was tested for the management of three soilborne root-infecting fungi including Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani and the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica on uridbean. Biocontrol bacteria used in combination with either neem cake or D. fastuosa gave better control of the root-rot and root-knot infection with the enhancement of growth of uridbean compared to the use of either component alone. Neem cake 1 % w/w mixed with P. aeruginosa strain lE-2 caused greatest inhibition of the root-knot development due to M.javanica. P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis used with organic amendment also increased Bradyrhizobium-nodules in the root system.

PL

Skuteczność dwóch szczepów Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa-5 i IE-2) oraz izolatu B. subtilis użytego osobno lub łącznie z makuchami nasion drzew Azadirachta indica lub Datura fastuosa badano w stosunku do trzech chorobotwórczych grzybów przeżywających w glebie (Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium solani i Rhizoctonia solani ) oraz nicienia Meloidogyne javanica na roślinach Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper. Biologiczne zwalczanie bakteriami użytymi łącznie z makuchami A. indica lub D. fastuosa bardziej skutecznie ograniczały porażenie korzeni, a jednocześnie bardziej nasilały wzrost roślin V. mungo w porównaniu do zabiegów, w których użyto je osobno. 1 % makuchu A. indica zmieszany z bakterią P. aeruginosa szczep IE-2 powodował najsilniejsze zahamowanie rozwoju guzowatości korzeni powodowanego przez M. javamca. P. aeruginosa i B. subtilis zwiększały występowanie brodawek Bradyrhizobium na systemie korzeniowym V. mungo.

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Effect of systemic fungicides on the efficacy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa [Schroeter] migula in the control of root-infecting fungi of wheat

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Siddiqui I. A. , Shaukat S. S. , Ehteshamul-Haque S. , Khan S. A. J.

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2000

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tom 53

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nr 2

EN

Effect of various fungicides on the efficacy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium in the control of root-infecting fungi such as Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani on four different varieties of wheat was evaluated under field conditions. Bayleton (aj. triadimephon), Bavistin (aj. carbendazym) and Topsin-M (aj. thiophanate-methyl) reduced bacterial survival on wheat seeds whereas Benlate (aj. benomyl) was not effective in this respect. P. aeruginosa used in combination with Benlate showed effective control of soilborne root-infecting fungi along with the enhancement of growth and grain yield of wheat.

PL

W warunkach polowych badano wpływ różnych fungicydów na skuteczność Pseudomonas aeruginosa, bakterii ryzosferowej korzystnie oddziaływującej na wzrost roślin, w ochronie przed grzybami porażającymi korzenie takimi jak Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum i F. solani dla czterech różnych odmian pszenicy. Fungicydy Bayleton (s.a. triadimephon), Bavistin (s.a. carbendazym) i Topsin - M (s.a. thiophanate-methyl) ograniczały żywotność bakterii na ziarnie pszenicy, natomiast Benlate (s.a. benomyl) nie ograniczał. Bakteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa zastosowana w kombinacji z Benlate okazała się skuteczna w ochronie przed grzybami przeżywającymi w glebie i porażającymi korzenie oraz przyczyniła się do wzrostu plonu ziarna pszenicy.