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Catechesis and education as a function of building the Church according to Fr. Franciszek Blachnicki (On the centenary of the birth of the great educator)

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Misiaszek K.

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2021

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tom 11

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nr 2

335-347

PL

Dla ks. Franciszka Blachnickiego katecheza, jak również wychowanie pozostawały w ścisłym związku z Kościołem. Najwłaściwszym miejscem dla katechezy jako podstawowej wychowania chrześcijan (dorosłych, młodzieży i dzieci) jest Kościół, który jest zarazem podmiotem, celem i przedmiotem katechezy. Pojęcia Kościoła ks. Franciszek Blachnicki czerpał z opracowań autorów niemieckojęzycznych, a przede wszystkim z dokumentów Soboru Watykańskiego II. Kościół był dla niego pośrednikiem zbawienia, powszechnym sakramentem zbawienia, matką, świątynią Boga, a przede wszystkim zjednoczeniem ludu Bożego, wspólnotą w Chrystusie, wspólnotą wiary, nadziei i miłości. Zadaniem katechezy i wychowania jest przede wszystkim wprowadzenie i doświadczenie Kościoła. Natura katechezy wynika z pojęcia Kościoła. Jeśli więc Kościół jest wspólnotą, to celem katechezy jest wprowadzenie wiernych, aby mogli w niej nie tylko uczestniczyć, ale przede wszystkim ją tworzyć i podejmować proces własnego wychowania. Ważne jest również to, że katecheza służy także procesowi inicjacji chrześcijańskiej, odkrywaniu Kościoła jako miejsca wypełniania się tajemnicy życia, zbawienia i uzdrowienia. Dlatego ks. Blachnicki kładł duży nacisk na związek liturgii z katechezą, gdyż w liturgii dokonuje się najpełniejszy proces wtajemniczenia. Kolejnym zadaniem katechezy jest jej funkcja budzenia i rozwijania wiary. Wiara jest bowiem fundamentem Kościoła i podstawowym celem katechezy. Ma ona mieć charakter zarówno personalistyczny, jak i społeczny. Ksiądz Blachnicki twierdził, że katecheza wychowująca do wiary nie jest wiarą indywidualną, ale wiarą Kościoła. Wielu chrześcijan, nawet tych najbardziej gorliwych, przeżywa swoje chrześcijańskie życie obok życia Kościoła, ale nie w Kościele. Tymczasem każdy chrześcijanin jest Kościołem, ponieważ Kościół jest całym Chrystusem, Głową i członkami, a my jesteśmy jego członkami. Dlatego też życie Kościoła wzrasta o tyle, o ile wzrasta życie wiary każdego z jego członków, do czego potrzebny jest całościowo rozumiany proces chrześcijańskiego wychowania.

EN

For Fr. Franciszek Blachnicki, the catechesis was in close relationship with the Church. The most appropriate place for the catechesis as the fundamental formation of Christians (adults, youth and children) is in the Church which is both the subject, goal and object of catechesis. Fr. Franciszek Blachnicki drew the concepts of the Church from studies by German-speaking authors, and above all from documents of the Second Vatican Council. For him, the Church was an intermediary of salvation, a universal sacrament of salvation, a mother, a temple of God, and most of all, a union of God's people, a community in Christ, a community of faith, hope and love. The task of catechesis is, in the first place, the introduction and experience of the Church. The nature of catechesis stems from the concept of the Church. Therefore, if the Church is a community, the aim of catechesis is to introduce it to the faithful so that they may not only participate in it, but above all create it. It is also important that catechesis serves the process of Christian initiation, discovering the Church as a place of fulfilling the mystery of life, salvation and healing. Therefore, Fr. Blachnicki put a strong emphasis on the relationship between the liturgy and catechesis, because the most complete process of initiation takes place in the liturgy. Another task of catechesis is its function of awakening and developing faith. For faith is the foundation for the Church and the primary goal for catechesis. It is to be both personalistic and social in nature. Father Blachnicki claimed that cathechesis educated faith was not an individual faith but the faith of the Church. Many Christians, even including those most zealous, live their Christian lives alongside the life of the Church, but not in the Church. In the meantime, every Christian is the Church, because the Church is the whole Christ, the head and members, and we are its members. For that reason, the life of the Church grows in so far as the life of faith of each member grows.

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Co z katechezą parafialną w Kościele w Polsce?

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Misiaszek K.

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tom 13

87-97

EN

Lack of parish religious education in Poland should be seen as a failure that is now bringing negative consequences. It is already a common belief, even among those who had originally been staunch advocates of the catechesis, that the so called religious education in schools has not brought the expected results. It has not become an effective element or means of development of faith among the younger generation of Poles. If it somehow manages to be successful it is to a negligible extent. Lack of religious education in parishes renders it impossible to fully form an adult, in particular while taking up and bringing into fruition the family catechesis. Furthermore, it goes without saying that young generations cannot be competently educated the Christian way without the input from their families. Understandably, adult catechesis will not become a panacea for the educational accomplishment of adults and children as well as the young people. Nevertheless, the presence of catechesis considerably increases the chances of more effective impact on education of children and young people alike. Only the parish catechesis is able to ensure the creation of the comprehensive and integral program of the development of Christian life.

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Katecheza w funkcji budowania Kościoła według ks. Franciszka Blachnickiego

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Misiaszek K.

Studia Pastoralne

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2021

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tom 17

87-103

EN

For Fr. Franciszek Blachnicki, the catechesis was in close relationship with the Church. The most appropriate place for the catechesis as the fundamental formation of Christians (adults, youth and children) is in the Church which is both the subject, goal and subject of catechesis. The task of catechesis is, in the first place, the introduction and experience of the Church. The nature of catechesis stems from the concept of the Church. Therefore, if the Church is a community, the aim of catechesisis to introduce it to the faithful so that they may not only participate in it, but above all create it. It is important that catechesis also serves the process of Christian initiation, discovering the Church as a place of fulfilling the mystery of life, salvation and healing. Therefore Therefore, Fr. Blachnicki put a strong emphasis on the relationship between the liturgy and catechesis, because the most complete process of initiation takes place in the liturgy. Another task of catechesis is its function of awakening and developing faith. For faith is the foundation for the Church and the primary goal for catechesis. It is to be both personalistic and social in nature. Father Blachnicki claimed that cathechesis educated faith was not an individual faith but the faith of the Church. Many Christians, even including those most zealous, live their Christian lives alongside the life of the Church, but not in the Church. In the meantime, every Christian is the Church, because the Church is the whole Christ, the head and members, and we are its members. For that reason, the life of the Church grows in so far as the life of faith of each member grows.

4

Ewangelizacja w działalności salezjańskiej

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Misiaszek K.

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tom 3

33-42

EN

Around the concept and process of evangelization, that is around both the theory and practice of this process, a lot of doubts have appeared in recent years. Nearly all educational, formative activities undertaken in the Church, not only with respect to children and young people, but with respect to adults as well, are defined with the use of this word. However, in the practice of the ancient Church propagating Christ, conversion, preparation for baptism, catechesis presenting the meaning of rites and introducing one into the life of the Church were integrally connected with the evangelization process. This process has been radically reversed in modern times. In parish catechesis basically there is no evangelization process preceding it; also teaching religion at school cannot undertake all evangelization tasks, as the nature of education does not allow this. Since young people constantly need adults who accompany them and educate them in the proper way, the Salesian order whose vocation is Christian education of children and young people, should be open to evangelization of parents and adults, as it is only such evangelization that may contribute to efficient educational work.

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Czy i na ile jest możliwa dzisiaj współpraca rodziców i nauczycieli na rzecz integralnego wychowania ucznia?

100%

Misiaszek K.

Teologia i Moralność

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2014

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tom 9

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nr 2(16)

7-22

EN

Whilst looking for the evidence of integral education the educational documents derived from Polish schools have become the subject of the scrutiny. The results reveal lack of interest in the integral education. Schools are not considering pedagogical values present in religion (Christianity). Such values could enhance school education and give it more integral quality. An insight into the workings of the Ministry of National Education uncovers numerous activities hindering and obstructing parents’ initiatives. It is alleged that such actions are of totalitarian nature, revealing, among others, Centralist administration, external control, lack of pluralism and response to critical voices, evasion of problem solving, etc. Faced with the above situation parents should not only act in an organised way but also put pressure on the educational authorities. For many of the initiatives have been changed or abandoned under pressure, thus disrespecting parents’ point of view. Pressure makes sense!

PL

W obecnej rzeczywistości, gdy rozpowszechnia się coraz bardziej liberalny model wychowania, postulat formacji integralnej ucznia staje się koniecznością. Analiza podstawy programowej nauczania ogólnego uświadamia nam, że szkoła tkwi w głębokim kryzysie, który także sama wywołała. Podjęcie działań naprawczych wymaga zespolonych, solidarnych działań. Dopiero wówczas będą one skuteczne. Należy pilnie uświadamiać rodziców o ich prawie do wychowania, jak również wspomagać działania na rzecz domagania się ich udziału w wychowaniu szkolnym. Są to zadania, jakie stoją dzisiaj przed wszystkimi podmiotami odpowiedzialnymi za wychowanie: rodzicami, samą szkołą i Kościołem.