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3 Maruszewski T.

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CHANGES OF AFFECTIVE TONE OF AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL EXPERIENCES

100%

Maruszewski T.

tom 13

105-122

The paper considers a phenomenon of change of memories affective tone that took place in life of an individual. Most studies indicate that people notice more positive events than negative in their lives. If these events become more distant in time, the effect of fading is observed: memories of negative events fade faster than memories of positive ones. Careful analysis of empirical data suggests that in some cases this process does not take place: it happens in case of dreams and memories of trauma. Two attempts of explanations of the above mentioned relationships are considered: mobilization-minimization hypothesis of Taylor (1981) and suggested by the author concept of memory control.

TWO PERSPECTIVES IN ANALYSIS OF ADAPTATION

100%

Maruszewski T.

tom 12

5-16

The following paper constitutes an analysis of social adaptation and its specifics in comparison to biological adaptation. The concept of adaptation was introduced to psychology under the influence of evolution theory but with time the above term acquired quite different meaning. Social adaptation is associated not only with coping with environmental challenges but also with modifying one's environment. Attempts of modification are not always successful, which is exemplified by some architectural designs and their realizations. Changes of social environment are results of individual and collective decisions made in the course of cultural evolution. Contemporary man faces two challenges: the first one being the necessity to select growing number of information; the second one being virtual reality analyzed on the example of the media and the internet. This reality is created through the activity of frontal lobes of our brain, which accounts not only for the fact that human adaptation is a response to something what has happened, but also that it may anticipate what may happen in future.

ON THE ROLE OF WORKING MEMORY IN CODING AND RETRIEVAL INFORMATION IN AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY

100%

Maruszewski T.

nr 1

51-62

Aim of the paper is to develop model of autobiographical memory. Conway and Pleydell-Pearce (2000) distinguished two parts of autobiographical memory: autobiographical knowledge base and processes of autobiographical memories construction. This model should be completed with ideas concerning relations between above mentioned parts of autobiographical memory. It is proposed that working memory is responsible for communication between autobiographical knowledge base and autobiographical memories construction. Two models of working memory - those of Baddeley's and Cowan's - were used to demonstrate specificity of information coding and retrieval in autobiographical memory. Crucial point for these two approaches is a problem of usefulness of episodic buffer. This buffer may be distinct element in autobiographical memory system, but it is also possible that its function may be fulfilled by central executive. Empirical studies are required to establish a status of episodic buffer proposed recently by Baddeley.