The 20th century India witnessed a quite strong tendency towards the separation of philosophy from religion, regarding them as two autonomous phenomena. This tendency corresponded with a more general endeavour, namely getting philosophy closer to science. The author focuses especially on the new streams, which appeared by the end of the millennium and are still relevant today. These include philosophy of science, feminist philosophy, Gandhian philosophy, postcolonial studies (in terms of their importance for philosophy) as well as still reverberant existentialist and Marxist doctrines.
The article focuses on Sheldon’s terms „reconciliation“ and „synthesis of philosophies“. It does not want to offer just a simple descriptive report on the global state of philosophical thinking in the first half of the twentieth century. It also embraces the function of an inspiring force showing the way forward. It contemplates the actions and reflections of those participating in the process of creating a new perspective on the world within their own philosophical systems. It looks for elements that might be utilized in building up a synthetic philosophical outlook on the reality of this world – an outlook that would not only map this reality but would also designate in it the necessary reference points adequate for human conduct and interaction.
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