The article deals with the concept of the Proto-Čaka horizon by J. Paulík from 1963 dated to the interface of stages BC/BD. Analysis of the sites of this horizon and typical shapes of pottery has proved that its existence cannot be confirmed on the basis of the finds published in 1963. Dating of this horizon has no support in the bronze industry and the pottery confirms not only surviving shapes of tumuli cultures until stages BD/HA1 but also distinct presence of the Velatice culture in the territory of the Čaka culture.
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Three graves with daggers were uncovered at the burial ground in Bajč-Ragoňa II in 1964. In one of them, in grave 39, 50 – 60 year-old woman was buried. The list of positively anthropologically confirmed and probably female graves with daggers of the Únětice culture in Moravia and Slovakia, including grave 100 of the Maďarovce culture from Jelšovce, proves that daggers approx. 5 – 18 cm long come from graves of 20 – 60 year-old women. Besides others, finds from the Middle Bronze Age were discovered at the settlement in Bajč-Vlkanovo during the research in 1964 and 1965. It is questionable whether the bronze artefacts from feature IX can be characterized as a hoard. A stone amulet and a vessel sherd resembling pottery from the so-called A2/B1 transitive horizon from this feature are noteworthy. A large vessel of the Middle Danube Tumulus culture comes from pit 13. It was probably used as a pithos; seven graves of this type are known from the Early and Middle Bronze Age in Slovakia. Pottery of the Middle Danube Tumulus culture was also discovered in pit 27; pit 56 contained potteries of the Maďarovce culutre and the Otomani-Füzesabony cultural complex. In general, finds from this settlement document slow penetration of the Middle Danube Tumulus culture in the environment of surviving Early Bronze cultures of the north-west Carpathian basin in stage B1.
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This paper attempts a supra-regional approach to the Middle-Danube Tumulus culture problem on the basis of the inhumation burial from Oberdürnbach, which shows the variability of burial in the crouched position in the Middle-Danube Tumulus culture, the settlement in Veselé, where bronzes and casting moulds from the pits prove the continuity of the settlement by the Maďarovce culture and the Middle-Danube Tumulus culture, and the burial site in Dunaújváros, where the pottery proves the contacts of this culture with the Vatya culture.
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