The study deals with the social and charitable activities of the first four bishops of the Diocese of České Budějovice, Jan Prokop Schaaffgotsche (1785–1813), Konstantin Ernst Růžička (1815–1845), Josef Ondřej Lindauer (1846–1850) and Jan Valerián Jirsík (1851–1883). Caring for those in need was a prominent feature of their priestly and later episcopal careers. The study demonstrates their commitment to the gradual integration of social and charity activities within the diocese administrative system. It mainly emphasizes their positive role in the implementation of certain social project – the largest of which were related to care for ill and disabled people in the bishop’s seat of České Budějovice. The study also discusses their life preferences and activities reflecting both the contemporary environment of the religious-political system of Josephinism and the spiritual formation that obviously implemented certain ideas of the Catholic Enlightenment, specifically the ideas of Antonio Ludovico Muratori.
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This survey deals with Josef Hlouch’s contribution to Catholic Action. In the first part, it provides insight into the context of the founding and development of Catholic Action from 1922 and the consequent introduction of Catholic Action in Czechoslovakia after 1927. In the second part, it relates the details of the beginnings of Catholic Action in the Archdiocese at Olomouc in the 1930s and provides insight into Josef Hlouch’s contribution to the course about Catholic Action for priests in 1936. In conclusion, the survey ranks Hlouch among those clergymen who were inclined to a more intense pastoral activity as a way of solving religious questions. He is also introduced as a theologian shaped by the ideas of the Catholic Church.
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This study deals with the First Vatican Council in the context of regional history. It demonstrates how the council was perceived by Catholics and mainly by non-Catholics in České Budějovice. Strongly represented by the bishop Jan Valerián Jirsík, Catholics were the majority in this town. In 1867–1868, after announcement of total religious freedom and equality in civil life, a minority admitted a non-catholic confession. The most active group was so called German Lutherans, which actively joined the religious life in the town. They found a support in one of the three metropolitan newspapers, called Anzeiger aus dem südlichen Böhmen (Bulletin from the South Bohemia). During 1868 the orientation of these newspapers was anti-catholic and anti-pope resulting in seriously negative evaluation of the Council acting in 1869 and 1870.
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Research into the era of the Communist rise to power in this country after World War II ranks among the most significant topics of the history of the 20th century. It is a proven fact that Communists considered the Catholic Church their important ideological enemy. In the process of taking over and consolidating power, an inseparable part of which was also denouncing their enemies, the struggle to take over control of institutions belonging under the administration of the Catholic Church played a significant role. One of the means of attracting certain Catholics to their side in the ideological struggle involved efforts at influencing them by means of selected newspapers and magazines. The authors intend to demonstrate the changes in the content of the magazine Charita in connection with the gradual Communist ascension to power in Czechoslovakia after World War II.
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