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1

Podmiot logopedii. Szkic metodologiczny

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Michalik M.

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nr 1

11-29

EN

The paper focuses on describing speech therapy as a category conducting cognitive processes, that is the one which leads to gaining logopedic knowledge. By interpreting the title category in the spirit of internalism, including its verificationism, falsificationism, rationalism, focusing attention on pure facts, but also cognitive radicalism, tendency towards polarising approaches, the subject of speech therapy, which belongs to the order of science, was perceived from metalogopedic perspective, or the level of metascience. Detailed interpretations were made in the spirit of sociology of knowledge, Kant’s epistemology, Neo-Kantists and metalinguistics. The context for them was a colloquial understanding of the subject of speech therapy, derived from the level of logopedic practice.

PL

W artykule dokonano deskrypcji podmiotu logopedii jako kategorii przeprowadzającej procesy poznawcze, czyli będącej wytwórcą wiedzy logopedycznej. Interpretując tytułową kategorię głównie w duchu internalizmu, z jego weryfikacjonizmem, falsyfikacjonizmem, racjonalnością, skupieniem uwagi na czystych faktach, ale i poznawczym radykalizmem, skłonnością do polaryzacji stanowisk, podmiot logopedii należący do porządku nauki postrzegano z perspektywy metalogopedii, czyli z poziomu metanauki. Szczegółowe interpretacje były dokonywane w duchu socjologii wiedzy, epistemologii Kanta i neokantystów oraz metalingwistyki. Kontekstem dla nich było potoczne, wywodzące się z poziomu praktyki logopedycznej, rozumienie podmiotu logopedii.

2

THE SPEECH RATE OF PEOPLE AT AN ADVANCED OLD AGE

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Michalik M. , Kaczorowska-Bray K. , Milewski S. , Solak A.

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tom 16(2)

167-175

EN

The aim of the article was to evaluate the rate of speech of people at an advanced old age and without any demential illnesses when compared to the control group of 9-years-old children without any developmental disorders. Because of the fact that the control group consisted of children, we have also made references to the notion of elderspeak – a phenomenon similar to the baby-talk – but related to the way younger people talk to senior citizens. We tested the rate of speech in 32 subjects: the experimental group comprising 16 healthy people of an advanced old age without any neurodevelopmental illnesses (the average age: 83.1) and the control group, which included 16 children without any developmental disorders (the average age: 9.0) in order to achieve a correlation in terms of the male/female ratio for the comparative analysis. The analysed parameters included: the speaking rate, the articulation rate, the numer of pauses, and the ratio of pauses within the speech samples. The estimative quantitative analysis showed insignificant differences in the parameters that influence the rate of speech in both groups. The statistical analysis also showed that there were no significant differences in the main research parameters – the speaking rate, the articulation rate, the number of pauses, and the ratio of pauses. The research hypotheses regarding the differences in the speech rate of those at an advanced old age and of the children at the age of 9 were negated by the results of the ana lyses. It has been proven that the rate of speech of the elderly who age physiologically does not differ from the rate of speech production by the children.

3

ARTICULATION AND SPEAKING RATES IN BILINGUALS WITH REGARD TO TIME OF EXPOSURE TO ONE LANGUAGE

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Michalik M. , Czaplewska E. , Solak A. , Szkotak A.

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tom 18(2)

207-220

EN

The basic aim of the research presented in this paper was to check whether the language proficiency level of bilingual children with Polish as one of their languages is also related to the pace of speech, which is the result of two specific parameters i.e. articulation rate and speaking rate. It was assumed that children who use Polish more rarely and mostly at home will display slower speaking and articulation rates when contrasted with children who use Polish both at home and at school on an everyday basis. Participants were thirty-two children who speak Polish as one of two languages, the first research group consisting of sixteen Polish-French students at the age of 8.11 living in Wal-lonia. The second group consisted of sixteen Flemish-Polish students living in Flanders. Here the average age was 9.3 and subjects used Polish much less than their first group coun-terparts. The comparative analysis included the following parameters essential for the de-scription of the rate of speech: 1. basic: average speaking rate (phones/sec., syllables/sec, duration of pauses), average articulation rate (phones/sec., syllables/sec.), average ratio of pauses in speech sample (number and percentage), 2. accessory: average duration of all pauses (sec.), average duration of proper pauses (sec.), average duration of filled pauses (sec.), average duration of semi-filled pauses (sec.). The numerical data from the research was obtained with the use of free Audacity software. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the two research groups in either the basic or the accessory speech rate parameters. In the Polish-French group the results were comparatively better but still statistically insignificant. It seems that the data obtained will confirm the need for considerable caution in the evalua-tion of the competence of bilingual children with high language skills. Similar to children with imbalanced bilingualism, these children may also, perhaps, require some extra time to deal with certain language tasks.

4

Tempo wypowiedzi osób starzejących się fizjologicznie na tle tempa wypowiedzi dziecięcych – analiza porównawcza

51%

Michalik M. , Milewski S. , Kaczorowska-Bray K. , Solak A.

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nr 2

7-23

EN

This paper presents the results of: 1. measurements of selected parameters determining the rate of utterances, 2. comparative analyses of specific parameters in two study groups: physiologically ageing people, falling into the “old-old” category, and nine-year-old pupils with no developmental or language disorders. When gathering the study material with the use of measurement tools (the Audacity program) and its statistical processing (tests: Shapiro–Wilk, Mann–Whitney, Fisher–Snadecor), the following parameters-indicators allowing the prediction of the speech tempo were taken into consideration and analysed: 1. basic: the average speaking rate (speech sounds, syllables + duration of pauses), the average articulation rate (speech sounds, syllables), the average share of pauses in utterances (number + percentage data); 2. supplementary: the average duration of all pauses, the average duration of proper pauses, the average duration of filled pauses, the average duration of partly filled pauses.

5

O funkcjach, budowie i nazywaniu tchawicy w naukach medycznych, w historii polszczyzny oraz w gwarach

51%

Olma M. , Horyń E. , Michalik M.

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2022

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nr 17

159-171

EN

This paper is devoted to the lexeme tchawica from a diachronic perspective. The first part is the description of a trachea (its functions and structure) as an anatomical organ, which is followed by the analysis of its etymology. The main focus of investigation is the description of tchawica in the history of the Polish language and dialects. For this purpose, synonyms, derivatives, variant forms (in terms of phonetics and morphology), names based on foreign words (derived from Latin and Greek), as well as hybrid names, have been pointed out. According to the analysis, these names are differentiated both in terms of motivation and form.