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tom 18
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PL
Celem pracy była ocena składu kwasów tłuszczowych (KT) tłuszczu mlecznego klaczy i porównanie ze składem KT tłuszczu mleka krowiego, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem KT istotnych w żywieniu człowieka. Materiał badawczy stanowiło 10 prób mleka klaczy i 10 prób mleka krowiego, pobieranych od zwierząt w okresie żywienia zimowego i letniego, z regionu mazowieckiego. W próbach oznaczano zawartość substancji tłuszczowej, stosując metodę Rose-Gottlieba oraz skład KT z użyciem chromatografii gazowej (GC). Analiza składu KT mleka klaczy wykazała dużą zawartość nasyconych KT: kaprylowego C8:0 (od 2,81 do 5,17 %), kaprynowego C10:0 (od 6,30 do 11,34 %) i laurynowego C12:0 (od 6,94 do 9,79 %). Nienasycone KT mleka klaczy były reprezentowane głównie przez: kwas linolowy C18:2 9c12c (od 12,29 do 13,78 %) i α-linolenowy C18:3 9c12c15c (od 3,74 do 5,10 %). Mleko krowie wyróżniała większa zawartość następujących nasyconych KT: masłowego C4:0 (od 2,37 do 2,63 %), kapronowego C6:0 (od 1,78 do 2,06 %) i stearynowego C18:0 (od 10,77 do 10,89 %) oraz znacznie mniejsza zawartość wielonienasyconych KT: linolowego (od 1,17 do 1,22 %) i -linolenowego (od 0,38 do 0,48 %). W tłuszczu mleka krowiego występowały przede wszystkim specyficzne KT syntetyzowane w procesie biouwodorowania, tj. kwas wakcenowy C18:1 11t oraz CLA C18:2 9c11t. Zawartość KT w mleku obu gatunków zwierząt charakteryzowała się dużą zmiennością w zależności od sezonu.
EN
The objective of the study was to assess the composition of fatty acids (FA) in the mare’s milk fat and to compare them with the composition of FA in the cow's milk fat, with a focus on the FA appearing essential in human nutrition. The research material consisted of 10 mare’s milk samples and 10 cow's milk samples taken from the milk of the animals during the winter and summer feeding periods, in the Mazovia region. In each sample, the fatty matter content was determined using a Rose-Gottlieb method, as was the composition of FA using a gas chromatography (GC). The analysis of FA composition in the mare’s milk showed a high content of saturated FA: caprylic C8:0 (from 2.81 to 5.17 %), capric C10: 0 (from 6.30 to 11.34 %), lauric C12:0 (from 6.94 to 9.79 %). The unsaturated FA of the mare’s milk were represented mainly by the linoleic acid C18:2 9c12c (from 12.29 to 13.78 %) and the α-linolenic acid C18:3 9c12c15c (from 3.74 to 5.10 %). The cow’s milk was characterized by a higher content of the following saturated FA: butyric acid C4:0 (from 2.37 to 2.63 %), caproic acid C6:0 (from 1.78 to 2.06 %), and stearic acid C18:0 (from 10.77 to 10.89 %), as well as by a significantly lower content of polyunsaturated FA: linolenic (from 1.17 to 1.22 %) and α-linolenic acid (from 0.38 to 0.48 %). Particularly, specific FA synthesized in the bio-hydrogenation process were found in the cow’s milk, i.e. the vaccenic acid C18:1 11t (from 1.08 to 1.65 %) and CLA C18:2 9c11t (from 0.43 to 0.67 %). The content of FA in the milk of those two animal species was characterized by the high season-dependent variation.
EN
Since 1995 Poland has been considered as free from classical swine fever (CSF) by The World Organization of Animal Health - OIE. However, bearing in mind the epizootic situation in Europe and reported cases of this disease in 2011 in Lithuania in particular, infection of the CSF virus remains a real threat to swine breeding in Poland. Poland is constantly monitoring the occurrence of CSF among swine and wild boars and the procedures are largely dependent on the specific character of a particular region and on the number of pigs and wild boars. The people particularly responsible for identification of CSF are free lance veterinarians having direct control over pig farms. In light of these facts, it seems essential to discuss administrative procedures on the basis of the veterinary law in force, in case of any suspicions or in case of the occurrence of the mentioned disease.
PL
W pracy analizowano wpływ procesu suszenia konwencjonalnego oraz liofilizacji na zawartość i właściwości przeciwutleniające wybranych składników bioaktywnych w owocach dzikiej róży (Rosa rugosa). Suszenie konwencjonalne (owiewowe) prowadzono w temp. 72 ± 1 ºC w ciągu 37 h, liofilizację w temp. 33 ºC w ciągu 22,5 h (z uprzednim mrożeniem w atmosferze azotu w temp. -20 ºC). Suszone owoce charakteryzowały się małą zawartością frakcji lipidowej (0,67 i 0,88 %), w której oznaczono 19 kwasów tłuszczowych (KT). Ilościowo dominującymi KT były: C18:29c12c, C18:39c12c15c oraz C16:0. Największe różnice stwierdzono pod względem zawartości PUFA: 56,55 g/100 g w liofilizacie i 48,35 g/100 g w suszu konwencjonalnym. Pod względem zawartości kwasu C18:3 9c12c15c w suszu liofilizowanym było go aż o 16 % więcej niż w suszu konwencjonalnym. Zarówno liofilizat, jak i susz tradycyjny zawierały cenne karotenoidy (likopen, β-karoten, ζ karoten, luteina, zeaksantyna, rubiksantyna, β-kryptoksantyna). Mniejsza zawartość likopenu i rubiksantyny w suszu konwencjonalnym spowodowana była wrażliwością tych związków na podwyższoną temperaturę, którą warunkuje obecność wiązań nienasyconych. Niezależnie od zastosowanej metody suszenia w owocach Rosa rugosa oznaczono dużą zawartość związków polifenolowych: w liofilizacie 245,5 mg GAE/g s.m, w suszu konwencjonalnym 224,55 mg GAE/g s.m. Większą zdolność neutralizacji wolnego rodnika DPPH, wyrażoną jako procent inhibicji, stwierdzono w suszu otrzymanym poprzez liofilizację (średnio 72 %), natomiast w suszu konwencjonalnym wskaźnik inhibicji był niższy i wynosił średnio 49 %.
EN
In the research study, the effect was analyzed of conventional and freeze-drying processes on the content and antioxidant properties of some selected bioactive components contained in Rosa rugosa rosehips. The conventional drying (air chilling) process was conducted at a temperature of 72±1°C during a 37 h period, and the freeze-drying process was carried out at a temperature of 33 °C for 22.5 h (including a predrying process in a nitrogen atmosphere at a temperature of -20 °C). The fruits dried were characterized by a low content of the lipid fraction (0.67 and 0.88 %), in which 19 fatty acids (FA) were determined. The following FA prevailed quantitatively: C18:2 9c12c; C18:3 9c12c15c; and C16:0. The biggest differences were found in the content of PUFA: 56.55g/100g contained in the lyophilisate and 48.35 g/100g contained in the conventionally dried fruits. As regards the content of C18:3 9c12c15c acid in the lyophilized dried fruits, the content thereof was as much as 16 % higher compared to the conventionally dried fruits. Both the lyophilized and the conventionally dried fruits contained beneficial carotenoids (lycopene, β-carotene, ζ-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, rubixanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin). A lower content of lycopene and rubixanthin in the rosehips dried using the conventional method was caused by the sensitivity of those compounds to a high temperature conditioned by the presence of unsaturated bindings. Regardless of the drying method applied to dry Rosa rugosa fruits, the levels of polyphenolic compounds determined in the fruits were high: 245.5 GAE/1 g of dry matter in the lyophilisate and 224.55 mg GAE/1 g of dry matter in the conventionally dried fruits. A higher ability to neutralize the free DPPH radical, expressed as a percent rate of inhibition, was found in the freeze-dried fruits (averagely: 72 %), whereas in the conventionally dehydrated fruits, the inhibition rate was lower and amounted to 49 % on average.
EN
Short peptides resembling the Helicobacter pylori urease antigen (UreB F8 Ser-Ile-Lys-Glu-Asp-Val-Gln-Phe) with deleted aspartic acid and glutamic acid residues, anchored through a triazine linker via the N-terminal moiety to cellulose plate were prepared. The peptides were used for binding of antibodies from sera of patients with medically confirmed atherosclerosis. Recognition of the peptides was also tested with anti-Jack beans urease antibodies. The important role of a Gly-Gly spacer separating the peptides from the cellulose support was shown. Different patterns of binding of antibodies from H. pylori infected patients and anti-Jack bean urease antibodies were observed only in the case of pentapeptides. The peptide Gly-Gly-Leu-Val-Phe-Lys-Thr was recognized by most of the tested sera.
EN
The concentration of macro and trace elements, fatty acids (FAs), vitamins, total cholesterol (TCh) in blood as well as in other tissues can be modulated by diet composition. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of fish oil (FO), carnosic acid (CA) and selenized-yeast (SeY) or selenate (SeVI) on concentration of FAs, TCh, α-tocopherol (αT) and selected elements in whole blood of lambs. Thirty male lambs were allocated into 5 groups of 6 animals each and fed for 35 days the following diets: control – basal diet (BD) with 3% rapeseed oil (RO), ROFO – BD with 2% RO and 1% FO, CA – BD with 2% RO, 1% FO and 0.1% CA, CASeY – BD with 2% RO, 1% FO, 0.1% CA and 0.35 mg Se as selenized-yeast (SeY) per kg of BD and CASeVI – BD with 2% RO, 1% FO, 0.1% CA and 0.35 mg Se as sodium selenate (SeVI) per kg of BD. In animals fed CASeVI diet the levels of saturated (SFAs), mono- and polyunsaturated FAs, thrombogenic-SFAs and atherogenicSFAs decreased in comparison to the control group. On the other hand, in lambs fed CASeY diet the concentration of TCh in blood increased in comparison to lambs fed CA and CASeVI diets. Moreover, feeding CASeY diet also enhanced the concentration of αT in blood as compared to the animals fed ROFO and CASeVI diets. The lowest αT concentration in blood was noted in blood of lambs fed CASeVI diet. Feeding diets supplemented with SeY or SeVI increased the concentrations of Se and malondialdehyde in blood in comparison to other diets. So, the whole blood can be treated as the valuable non-invasive marker for evaluation of ruminant health status and nutritional quality of ruminant feeds.
EN
The aim of this study was to determine pig breed differences in semen parameters. A total of 1506 ejaculates were collected between 01.11.2005 and 31.04.2007 from 39 boars of WBP breed, PBZ breed and Pietrain-Duroc crossbreeds. All the ejaculates were taken and qualified for insemination at the Station of Sow Insemination in Świątki, the branch in Szczecinek, Poland. The following semen characteristics were examined: semen volume (after removing the gel plug) [ml], sperm concentration, live sperm count per ejaculate, percentage of live sperm with rapid or forward progression [%], sperm count in one insemination dose and the number of insemination doses received from a single ejaculate. The boar breed did not significantly influence the semen volume, sperm concentration, live sperm count, or the number of insemination doses from single ejaculates. Thus no clear effect of breed on semen characteristics has been determined.
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EN
Resonant frequencies of the two-dimensional plasma in FETs reach the THz range for nanometer transistor channels. Non-linear properties of the electron plasma are responsible for detection of THz radiation with FETs. Resonant excitation of plasma waves with sub-THz and THz radiation was demonstrated for short gate transistors at cryogenic temperatures. At room temperature, plasma oscillations are usually over-damped, but the FETs can still operate as efficient broadband THz detectors. The paper presents the main theoretical and experimental results on detection with FETs stressing their possible THz imaging applications. We discuss advantages and disadvantages of application of III-V GaAs and GaN HEMTs and silicon MOSFETs.
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