Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Development of stockpile soft sensor

100%

Pan X.

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tom Vol. 36, no. 4

109-121

EN

With the advancement and the wide usage of measurement instruments associated with stockpiles, a soft sensor can be developed to monitor the level of a stockpile. Furthermore, the stockpile soft sensor can be used to provide the mixing behaviour of different ores discharged out of the stockpile. With the assistance of DEM modeling and simulation, the mixing behaviour of different materials in a stockpile can be estimated. The information on the mixing behaviour includes when and how the mixing takes place in a stockpile, and more important, when the mixed materials with a certain blending portion is discharged out of the stockpile. The stockpile soft sensor can help estimate accurate residential time for different group of ores charged to a stockpile. The soft sensor makes it possible to monitor the behavior of different ore types in and out of a stockpile in real time. The ore type information includes ore grade, density, hardness, strength, etc. The stockpile soft sensor forms part of an ore tracking system, which utilises the real time information available in both SCADA and database of a mineral processing plant or a mine. Using the ore geological data and the tonnage of ore being treated, the ore tracking system calculates and provides ore type information to all process units at a mine. The stockpile soft sensor, developed originally for a diamond mine, can be used for stockpiles of other mineral operations, including iron ore, coal, copper, chromite ore, manganese ore and cement plants, etc.

PL

Wraz z rozwojem i coraz szerszym zastosowaniem instrumentów pomiarowych związanych ze składowaniem materiałów uziarnionych, sensory pomiaru poziomu składowiska znalazły nowe zastosowanie. Ponadto, sensory te można stosować w celu prognozowania natury mieszania różnego typu składników zgromadzonych na składowisku. Przy pomocy modelowania DEM oraz technik symulacyjnych można dokonać estymacji sposobu mieszania. Informacja ta zawiera zarówno dane na temat kiedy dochodzi do procesu mieszania, jak i w jaki sposób się to dzieje. Omawiany sensor stanowi część systemu "śledzenia", który korzysta z informacji w czasie rzeczywistym dostępnych zarówno w SCADA, jak i bazie danych zakładu przeróbczego lub kopalni. Stosując dane geologiczne oraz dane dotyczące przerobu rudy, system ten kalkuluje i przewiduje dane dla każdej jednostki procesu przeróbczego. Sensor, opracowany pierwotnie dla kopalni diamentów, może być stosowany również dla innego typu rud, czy operacji górniczych, wliczając w to rudę żelaza, węgiel, miedź, chrom, mangan, czy zakłady cementowe.

2

Smart ore tracking system using soft sensor technology

100%

Pan X.

|

tom Vol. 36, no. 4

133-141

EN

The relationship between ore mineralogy and downstream processing is well known in the mining industry. In fact, the very definition of a mineral deposit as an ore body depends on its susceptibility to processing in an economical manner. With an ore tracking system, the information about each ore block, gained during exploration and mining, could be used as input data to the mineral processing operation. This would allow the real-time optimization and control of the ore processing. A smart ore tracking system can be developed by using soft sensor technique. The ore tracking system utilizes the real time information available in both SCADA and database of a mine. Using the ore geological data and the tonnage of ore being treated, the ore tracking system calculates and provides ore type information such as ore mixing percentage, ore grade and ore hardness and density. The ore type information provided by the ore tracking system can be made available at all process units at a mine, including primary crusher, primary stock pile, primary scrubbers, secondary scrubbers, secondary crushers, re-crusher stock pile, dense media separation stock piles, dense media separation feeders, and the feed to next processing plant. The smart ore tracking system, developed originally for a diamond mine, can be used for other mines, such as iron ore, coal, chromite ore, manganese ore, etc.

PL

Zależność pomiędzy mineralogią rudy a przeróbką jest bardzo dobrze znana w przemyśle górniczym. W rzeczywistości, definicja złoża mineralnego jako rudy zależy od jego podatności na procesy przeróbcze z punktu widzenia ekonomii. Przy zastosowaniu systemu "śledzenia" rudy informacja o każdym bloku rudy jest uzyskiwana podczas procesu wydobycia i obróbki górniczej. Może być ona zastosowana jako dane wejściowe do operacji przeróbki surowców mineralnych. Pozwoli to na optymalizację w czasie rzeczywistym i kontrolę procesów przeróbczych. Inteligentny system "śledzenia" rudy można uzyskać za pomocą techniki sensorowej. System ten korzysta z informacji w czasie rzeczywistym dostępnych zarówno w SCADA jak i bazie danych kopalni. Przy zastosowaniu danych geologicznych i informacji na temat ilości przerabianej rudy system oblicza i przewiduje informacje nt. rudy, tj. procent mieszania rudy, stopień rozdrobnienia, twardość, czy gęstość. Informacje te mogą stanowić bazę dla każdego procesu przeróbczego w kopalni, wliczając pierwsze kruszenie, pierwsze składowanie, pierwsze sortowanie, drugie kruszenie, drugie sortowanie, powtórne kruszenie, rozdział w cieczach ciężkich itp. System "śledzenia" rudy, wynaleziony pierwotnie dla kopalni diamentów może zostać zastosowany w innych kopalniach, tj. kopalnia żelaza, węgla, chromu, manganu itp.

3

Optimization of mineral processing plant through ROM ore size

100%

Pan X.

|

tom Vol. 36, no. 4

123-132

EN

The ore beneficiation at a mine could be described as complex and expensive, involving many balancing processes where material flow rates, size, density and other factors must all be in balance, if any degree of plant optimization is to be achieved. To determine the optimum setup for maximizing throughput at the final step in the beneficiation process, such as the dense media separation units, a mine optimizer is developed using constraint-based global optimization. The Mine Optimizer uses plant unit availability, capacity in tons per hour (t/h), change in material size (between crushers) and other constraints. The result is that improving cheaper upstream processes, such as blasting, can significantly increase the throughput of expensive downstream processes, like crushing, through improved fragmentation of the ROM ore. For instance, if the ROM ore is not in the required range, the plant production is unbalanced and consequently the mine could loss production by 10-20%, even 50% in the worst case. On one hand, a finer ROM ore may result in lower utilisation of both crushing and coarse separation by 50%. Meanwhile other process units are running at 100% capacity, such as slimes and tailing dumping. In addition, a finer ROM ore may destroy the mineral value as well, such as in the cases of mining coal, iron ore, and diamond ore, where a higher price is for the products of larger size.

PL

Wzbogacanie rud w kopalni można określić jako złożone i drogie, uwzględniające wiele procesów bilansowych, dla których ilości materiału, ich rozmiar, gęstość i inne cechy muszą pozostawać w stanie określonej równowagi jeżeli optymalizacja jest celem, który chce się osiągnąć. Aby określić optymalne ustawienia dla procesu wzbogacania, tj. w przypadku jednostek wzbogacania w cieczach ciężkich skonstruowano optymalizator kopalniany uwzględniający ogólną optymalizację zakładu. Optymalizator Kopalni korzysta z dostępności danej jednostki, wydajności w tonach na godzinę (t/h), zmian w rozmiarach materiału (pomiędzy kruszeniami) i innych ograniczeń. Wynik pozwala zoptymalizować tańsze procesy, takie jest strzelanie co pozwala z kolei znacząco poprawić procesy droższe, tj. kruszenie, dzięki zoptymalizowanemu rozdrobnieniu rudy surowej. Dla przykładu, jeżeli uziarnienie rudy surowej nie jest wymaganego rozmiaru, produkcja zakładu nie jest zbilansowana i tym samym produkcja zakładu jest niższa o 10-20% lub nawet 50% w najgorszych przypadkach. Z drugiej strony, zbyt drobna ruda surowa może spowodować mniejszą stosowalność procesów kruszenia o nawet 50% a w tym samym czasie inne jednostki produkcyjne pracują na 100% swojej wydajności, tj. np. składowiska odpadów. Ponadto, drobniejsza ruda surowa może spowodować spadek wartości minerału, jak np. w przypadku węgla, rudy żelaza bądź diamentów, gdzie wyższa cena produktów zależy od większego ich rozmiaru.

4

Biosorption of Sb(III) to exopolymers from Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp.: a fluorescence and FTIR study

51%

Zhang D. , Pan X. , Mu G.

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nr 5

EN

Antimony (Sb) pollution in Sb mining areas has been of growing environmental concern. However, limited information is available on environmental behavior and biogeochemical process of Sb. In the present study, complexation of Sb(III) with extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. was investigated using excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy. Two protein-like fluorescence peaks were identified in the EEM spectra of EPS. Fluorescence of both peaks was clearly quenched by Sb(IlI). The quenching constants (logKₐ) and the binding constants (logKb) for peaks A and B were in the range of 3.21-4.13 and 3.22-4.14, respectively. The interaction between EPS and Sb(III) is spontaneous and endothermic. The binding of Sb(III) to EPS is dominated by the hydrogen bonding and Van der waals forces. FTIR analysis showed that polysaccharides in EPS also participated in complexation EPS with Sb(III).

5

Comparison of 2D and 3D models of salinity numerical simulation

51%

Li C. , Pan X. , Ke J. , Dong X.

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tom S 1

26--29

EN

For the study of the effect of 2D and 3D mathematical model in salinity simulation, with Liuheng island strong brine discharge of seawater desalination project as an example, using 2D and 3D salinity mathematical models of Liuheng island to simulate coastal hydrodynamic environment and salinity distribution before and after the concentrated brine discharge, and analyzed the results. Finally got the applicable scope of the two models, it has an important significance in the study of similar problems.

6

Redescriptions of two marine scuticociliates from China, with notes on stomatogenesis in Parauronema longum (Ciliophora, Scuticociliatida)

38%

Pan X. , Shao C. , Ma H. , Fan X. , Al-Rasheid K. A. S. , Al-Rarraj S. A. , Hu X.

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nr 4

7

Sb uptake and photosynthesis of Zea mays growing in soil watered with Sb mine drainage: an OJIP chlorophyll fluorescence study

38%

Pan X. , Zhang D. , Chen X. , Li L. , Mu G. , Li L. , Song W.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

|

2010

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tom 19

|

nr 5

EN

Maize (Zea mays) growing in soil watered with Sb mine drainage (SMD) could accumulate Sb and transferred Sb from roots to shoots. The photosynthetic processes in the leaves were clearly inhibited by SMD. Chlorophyll synthesis was inhibited. Photosystem II (PSII) was sensitive to SMD. PSII activity (FV/FM and PIABS) was reduced due to SMD. Irrigation with SMD resulted in an increase in the proportion of the closed PSII reaction centers (RCs) and a decrease in the proportion of QB binding centers. The electron transport on both the donor side and the acceptor side was inhibited by SMD. The total electron transport flux in PSII was reduced and the electron transport beyond QA¯ was the primary target site for toxicity of SMD. PSII RCs were transformed into dissipative sinks for excitation energy under stress of SMD. Sb accumulation in crops due to SMD irrigation may not only reduce crop growth and yield, but also pose a threat to food security and human health.

8

Decomposition processes in coastal wetlands: the importance of Suaeda salsa community for soil cellulose decomposition

32%

Ping Y. , Cui L. , Pan X. , Li W. , Li Y. , Kang X. , Song T. , He P.

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nr 3

EN

Coastal wetlands are ecologically important all over the world, and they are relatively unstable with dramatic changes in aboveground vegetation. However, it is still unclear how the aboveground vegetation changes will influence the functioning of coastal wetland ecosystems, especially the decomposition processes. Here, we carried out a cotton strip experiment to examine the effects of Suaeda salsa community on the soil properties and the associated cellulose decomposition rates in the coastal wetlands of Liao River delta (NE China). Our results showed that S. salsa community significantly affected the contents of soil C, N, P, base cations, organic matter and the soil electrical conductivity (EC), and such effects might vary among different types or densities of aboveground vegetation. The soil cellulose decomposition rate (in terms of cotton strip tensile strength loss, CTSL) was slowed down when aboveground S. salsa communities are experiencing degradation or have been totally replaced by Phragmites australis communities. Moreover, there were positive partial correlations between soil N and CTSL, and between soil EC and CTSL, but a negative partial correlation between soil C and CTSL. Our results emphasized the importance of S. salsa community in determining the soil cellulose decomposition rate in this coastal region. The results suggest that vegetation degradation in coastal wetlands might lead to various changes in soil properties and hence affect other aspects of ecosystem functioning and services, especially nutrient cycling.