The aim of this work was to establish the average size of silver halide nanosols. The method applied was based on the optical turbidance measurements in real time of crystallization process. Dilute turbid suspensions of silver bromide, chloride and iodide stabilized by excess of halide ions and gelatin were measured over wavelength range from 450 nm to 600 nm. Experimental results were compared with the scattering theory of Rayleigh. Relation between dosing rate of reactants to dispersion system and size of obtained silver halide crystals was investigated. Interest in crystalline gelatine-stabilised aqueous suspensions of silver halide is due to their application as a substrate for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles.
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The results of research into the preparation of silver nanoparticles using photoreduction in the presence of hydroquinone as the reductant were discussed. Substrates for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles were ultrafine crystalline gelatine-stabilised aqueous suspensions of silver bromide. The influence of the reductant to substrate molar ratio and the medium's pH to the efficient production of silver nanoparticles were studied. The properties of resultant silver particles were examined using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy was used for the photomicrography of silver nanoparticles suspensions.
Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to somatic nuclear halos from transgenic rabbits WAP:6xHishGH, we present evidence for stability of transgenesis at the chromatin level. FISH performed on fibroblasts from a homozygous individual showed 2 independent loops from both chromosomes of pair 7. On a heterozygous individual, FISH detected a single loop. According to the concept of chromatin loops and their influence on gene expression, this shows that the human growth hormone transgene, which was actively expressed in mammary gland under the influence of the tissue-specific promoter, was inactive in examined skin fibroblasts.
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Exposure of alpine skiing athletes, while training, at altitude hypoxia and low ambient temperature can modify the response of the immune system and increase reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) generation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of six day training model "live low - train high" on selected indicators of immune and antioxidant-prooxidant balance of alpine skiing competitors. The study was performed in 7 men, alpine skiers, who underwent 6-day training at Kaunertal glacier (3160 m). Before departure to glacier training, and after returning to sea level participants underwent series of tests. Somatic characteristics, anaerobic exercise capacity, blood morphological parameters and concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (hsCRP), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total antioxidant status (TAS), total iron (Fe) and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were assessed. High altitude training has led to a significant increase in anaerobic capacity (p<0.05) and serum concentrations of IL-6 and hsCRP (p<0.05). A negative correlation among the difference in iron (ΔFe) concentration between two study terms and the change of hsCRP levels was also found (p<0.05). Alpine training conditions led to a slight increase in immunological indices concentration in studied skiers. However, it did not cause any significant change in prooxidant-antioxidant balance, which could be related to earlier anaerobic training adaptation.
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