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EN
The importance of magnesium supplements on organ retention of cadmium and allometric parameters after repeated exposure to cadmium chloride were studied in male Wistar rats. Magnesium chloride was given via drinking water (500 mg Mg/L) to rats exposed intragastrically to cadmium chloride (labelled with cadmium 109) at a daily dose corresponding to 25 mg/kg diet for 7, 14, 21, and 28 d. Supplements of magnesium temporarily decreased cadmium retention in the duodenum and liver. No significant differences in cadmium retention were evidenced in the kidneys and testicles. The supplements of magnesium also retain more of the body weight gains and restore the relative liver and testicle weight in rats intoxicated with cadmium. Comparison of the present results with earlier reports suggests a relationship between doses of magnesium and cadmium; higher doses of cadmium need more magnesium to overcome toxic action of the heavy metal.
EN
Among 210 congeners only 17 highly toxic, 2,3,7,8-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are of toxicological concern. They exhibit high binding affinity to an intracellular aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), causing harmful effects at exposure levels of thousands of times lower than most environmental toxicants. The Chemically Activated LUciferase gene expression bioassay (CALUX) utilizes recombinant cells that were transfected with a luciferase reporter gene, which responds to dioxin-like compounds with the induction of luciferase in a time-, dose-, AhR-dependent and chemical-specific manner. The bioassay evaluation concerning the European Community (EC) requirements for the PCDD/Fs determination for the official control of foodstuffs was performed on salmon tissue. In order to evaluate the bioassay performance characteristics, recovery range, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ) and precision were determined. The results revealed that combining a dichloromethane: hexane extraction, an acid silica plus activated carbon clean-up provides reliable, reproducible (CV = 9-20%) measurements with acceptable recovery (78%) and sensitivity at the required ppt range. Due to the low cost and high throughput characteristics of the CALUX assay, food monitoring for PCDD/Fs may benefit from use of this bioassay as a prescreening tool to select and prioritize samples for subsequent analysis by high resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). Although the bioassay may not be able to specify identity of the reactive substances, it may serve as a very useful tool for the evaluation of contamination sources.
EN
The concentration and congener-specific profile of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCB), were determined in edible marine fish tissues of salmon, herring, and in sprat and fishmeals collected between 2006 and 2008. Average concentrations of the sum of the compounds ranged from 4.05 ±5.46 to 9.23 ±2.64 pg WHO-TEQ/g f.w. for the tested fish species. The highest concentration was found in salmon - up to 11.39 pg WHO-TEQ/g f.w. of the sum of PCDD, PCDF, and dl-PCB. Only seven out of 55 fish meals exceeded the maximum permitted level for PCDD/PCDF (over 1.25 ng WHO-TEQ/kg) and 4 pg/p for total TEQ. Dioxin-like PCB make up about 50% of the concentration. The PCDD, PCDF, and dl-PCB accumulation pattern found in the analysed samples showed typical distribution reported for marine samples. The following congeners dominated: 2,3,7,8-PCDF, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF, and PCB 105,118, and 156.
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