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Hazard of chemical substances contamination of protective clothing for firefighters – a survey on use and maintenance

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Krzemińska S. M. , Szewczyńska M.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2021

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tom 35

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nr 2

235-248

EN

ObjectivesThe objective of the work was to analyze the impact of selected factors concerning the use and maintenance of firefighters’ protective clothing worn during rescue operations on the hazard of contamination by chemical substances.Material and MethodsThe participants were firefighters (N = 688) from rescue and firefighting units of the State Fire Service in Poland, aged <30, 31–40, 41–50 or >60 years, with different seniority: up to >21 years of service. The survey questionnaire developed by the authors was used. The questionnaire was available online. The Statistica 10.0 statistical package using the χ2 test was applied in the analysis of the significance of the results.ResultsAs reported by the vast majority (>60%) of the firefighters, the maintenance was carried out after recording an average or a high level of contamination. It was pointed out that removal of the contaminants from protective clothing was difficult (83%). The surfaces of the legs and sleeves of protective clothing were the most contaminated areas. A feeling of discomfort was observed (90%) after returning from firefighting operations due to fire, smoke, or combustion residues.ConclusionsIt is necessary to conduct training and information actions concerning the use and maintenance of protective clothing and the harmfulness of chemicals contaminating the garments used by firefighters.

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Resistance of gloves and protective clothing materials to permeation of cytostatic solutions

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Krzemińska S. , Pośniak M. , Szewczyńska M.

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nr 3

341-350

EN

Objectives The objective of the work was to determine the resistance of selected protective clothing and glove materials to permeation of cytostatics such as docetaxel, fluorouracil, and doxorubicin. Material and Methods The following glove materials were used: natural rubber latex (code A), acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (code B) and chloroprene rubber (code C). In addition, we tested a layered material composed of a non-woven polyester (PES), a polypropylene (PP) film, and a non-woven PP used for protective coats (code D). The cytostatics were analyzed by liquid chromatography with diode array detection. The tested samples were placed in a purpose-built permeation cell modified to be different from that specified in the standard EN 6529:2001. Results The tested materials were characterized by good resistance to solutions containing 2 out of the 3 selected cytostatics: doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil, as indicated by a breakthrough time of over 480 min. Equally high resistance to permeation of the third cytostatic (docetaxel) was exhibited by natural rubber latex, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, and chloroprene rubber. However, docetaxel permeated much more readily through the clothing layered material, compromising its barrier properties. Conclusions It was found that the presence of additional components in cytostatic preparations accelerated permeation through material samples, thus deteriorating their barrier properties. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2018;31(3):341–350

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Emisja substancji chemicznych z biurowych urządzeń drukujących i powielających

80%

Kowalska J. , Szewczyńska M. , Pośniak M.

Medycyna Środowiskowa - Environmental Medicine

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2012

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tom 15

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nr 4

123-128

EN

A number of potentially harmful pollutants are emitted from office equipment. Printers and copiers are sources of volatile organic compounds (VOC), which at least partly, are generated from the heated toner and paper dust during printing process. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, styrene, and formaldehyde were detected in the blended emissions emitted from printing devices. Office printing devices are recognized to be the major sources of indoor fine and ultrafine aerosol particles. The emissions of certain pollutants from office equipment may be at relatively low level compared to other known sources (e.g. building materials). However, office equipment is potentially the important source of human exposure due to the short distance for the people operating them both at home and in the office.

PL

Urządzenia biurowe mogą emitować szereg potencjalnie szkodliwych zanieczyszczeń. Drukarki i kserokopiarki są źródłem lotnych związków organicznych (LZO), które przynajmniej w części pochodzą z tonerów poddawanych ogrzewaniu podczas procesu drukowania oraz pyłów papieru. LZO zidentyfikowane podczas badania emisji z urządzeń drukujących obejmują toksyczne zanieczyszczenia powietrza, takie jak benzen, toluen, etylobenzen, ksylen, styren, a także formaldehyd. Biurowe urządzenia drukujące są uznawane za główne źródła emisji wewnętrznej bardzo drobnych cząstek aerozolu. Poziomy emisji niektórych zanieczyszczeń powietrza z urządzeń biurowych mogą być stosunkowo niskie w porównaniu do innych znanych źródeł, takich jak materiały budowlane. Jednak urządzenia biurowe są potencjalnie ważnym źródłem narażenia człowieka ze względu na niewielką odległość od ludzi, którzy je używają zarówno w domu jak i w biurze.