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2 Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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Nucleus accumbens local field potential power spectrums, phase - amplitude couplings and coherences following morphine treatment

100%

Reakkamnuan C. , Cheaha D. , Kumarnsit E.

nr 3

In the past decade, neural processing has been extensively studied in cognitive neuroscience. However, neural signaling in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) that might clarify reward process remained to be investigated. Male Swiss albino ICR mice implanted with intracranial electrodes into the NAc and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) were used for morphine administration and local field potential (LFP) recording. One‑way ANOVA revealed significant increases in low (30.3–44.9 Hz) and high (60.5–95.7 Hz) gamma powers in the NAc following morphine administration (5 and 15 mg/kg, i.p.). These gamma activities oscillated independently with different time‑course responses. Locomotor activity was also significantly increased by morphine administration. Regression analyses revealed that high gamma activity induced by morphine was positively correlated with distance travelled by animals. Low and high gamma powers were completely abolished by injection of naloxone, a non‑specific opiate antagonist. Analysis of phase‑amplitude coupling confirmed that slow oscillations at 1–4 Hz (delta) and 4–8 Hz (theta) for phase were found to significantly increase modulation index of broad (30.27–80.77 Hz) and narrow (59.48–70.34 Hz) frequency ranges for amplitude, respectively. Moreover, significant increases in coherence values between the NAc and the VTA during 30–40 min following morphine administration were seen for 22.46–44.90 Hz frequency range. Altogether, this study demonstrated changes of LFP oscillations in the NAc with low and high gamma activities, delta‑ and theta‑gamma couplings and interplay with VTA in response to morphine administration. These findings represent neural signaling in the mesolimbic dopamine pathway that might process reward function.

Local field potential power spectra and locomotor activity following treatment with pseudoephedrine in mice

75%

Sa-ih N. , Reakkamnuan C. , Samerphob N. , Cheaha D. , Niyomdecha S. , Kumarnsit E.

nr 1

The efficacy of pseudoephedrine (PSE) as a nasal decongestant has been well‑demonstrated; however, PSE is strictly prescribed as a control substance due to its controversial psychostimulant effects. Although standard stimulatory drugs increase exploratory behavior and stimulate the dopamine system, the exact effects of PSE on locomotion and electrical activity in the striatum have not been determined. This study aimed to examine and compare the locomotor activities, local field potential (LFP) and sleep‑wake patterns produced by PSE and morphine, which is a standard drug used to promote psychomotor activity. Male Swiss albino mice were anesthetized and implanted with an intracranial electrode into the striatum. Animals were divided into four groups, which received either saline, PSE or morphine. Locomotor activity and LFP signals were continuously monitored following pseudoephedrine or morphine treatment. One‑way ANOVA revealed that locomotor count was significantly increased by morphine, but not PSE. Frequency analyses of LFP signals using fast Fourier transform also revealed significant increases in spectral powers of low‑ and high‑gamma waves following treatment with morphine, but not PSE. Sleep‑wake analysis also confirmed significant increases in waking and decreases in both non‑rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep following morphine treatment. Sleep‑wakefulness did not appear to be disturbed by PSE treatment. These findings indicate that acute PSE administration, even at high doses, does not have psychostimulatory effects and may be relatively safe for the treatment of non‑chronic nasal congestion.