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Późnoholoceński standard dendrochronologiczny dla jodły Abies alba Mill. z obszaru południowej Polski

100%

Szychowska-Krąpiec E.

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2000

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tom T. 26, z. 2

173-299

PL

Celem pracy było skonstruowanie wielowiekowego standardu dendrochronologicznego dla drewna jodły pospolitej (Abies alba Mill.) z obszaru południowej Polski. Zestawiona, wielowiekowa chronologia regionalna obejmuje okres 1106-1998 AD i jest pierwszą w Polsce chronologią umożliwiającą datowanie drewna tego gatunku z dokładnością roczną. W jej skład weszło 410 prób jodłowych, reprezentujących drewno pochodzące z: obiektów architektonicznych, wykopalisk archeologicznych, drewnianych obudów Kopalni Soli w Wieliczce i drzew rosnących. Standard ten posiada wielokrotną replikację i charakteryzuje się silnym sygnałem dendrochronologicznym o dużym zasięgu geograficznym, dzięki czemu możliwe jest datowanie bezwzględne drewna jodłowego z obszaru całej południowej Polski. W trakcie prowadzonych badań wydatowano m.in.: zabytkowe kościoły w Haczowie i Paczółtowicach, cerkiew w Ropkach, ołtarz w kościele w Barcicach, strop budynku Muzeum Collegium Maius w Krakowie, około 40 drewnianych obudów wyrobisk górniczych I poziomu Kopalni Soli w Wieliczce.

EN

The research was aimed at construction of long dendrochronological standard for the fir (Abies alba Mill.) from the area of southern Poland. The produced regional chronology, spanning the period 1106-1998 AD, is the first Polish fir chronology enabling dating of wood of this species with one year's accuracy. It was based on 410 fir samples representing timbers from architectural objects, archaeological excavations, timberings from the Wieliczka Salt Mine, as well as living trees. The standard is multiply replicated and characterized by strong dendrochronological signal of large geographical extent. This enables absolute dating of fir timbers from the whole area of southern Poland. The investigations resulted in dating of numerous objects: old churches in Haczów and Paczółtowice, the orthodox church in Ropki, the altar of the church in Barcice, the ceiling of the Collegium Maius building in Kraków, as well as around 40 timberings from the first level in the Wieliczka Salt Mine.

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Dendrochronological studies of wood from mediaeval mines of polymetallic ores in Lower Silesia (SW Poland)

100%

Szychowska-Krąpiec E.

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tom Vol. 26

61-68

EN

The paper presents results of dendrochronological dating of wood encountered in abandoned mines in the eastern part of Lower Silesia. The research was carried out in gold mines in Złoty Stok, Głuchołazy, and Zlate Hory, a polymetallic-ore mine in Marcinków as well as old mines in the Sowie Mts: the Silberloch adit, an adit on the hillside of Mała Sowa, a graphite mine, and the silver and lead mine Augusta. Altogether 69 samples were taken from timbers of coniferous tree species: Pinus sylvestris, Abies alba, Picea abies and Larix decidua. The oldest wood, from the turn of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries was encountered in the gold mines in Zlate Hory and Głuchołazy. In the gold mine in Złoty Stok, graphite mine in Sowie Mts and in Marcinków there was identified wood from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Generally, timbers from the nineteenth century were prevailing, and in three cases there was even encountered relatively young twentieth-century wood in the gold mine in Złoty Stok and in the Silberloch adit. The analyses carried out were only preliminary. Broader, interdisciplinary investigations, including dendrochronology, archaeology, geology, mining, and palaeobotany, would substantially contribute for learning the history of the mining in the whole region.

3

Wieliczka Salt Mine and its history written in annual growth rings of spruce wood

63%

Szychowska-Krąpiec E. , Dudek K.

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tom Vol. 58, No. 3

617--622

EN

This paper presents results of dendrochronological analysis of spruce wood from the Wieliczka Salt Mine, one of the oldest mines in Poland. The wood came from the first level of the mine, from casings of drifts, chambers, mineshafts, short shafts, galleries and chapels. The oldest wood, representing spruce trees cut down in the 15th century, appears in the Wałczyn, August and Dusząca chambers, Bąkle chamber and Powroźnik gallery, as well as the cast between the Kaczorowski and Sroki chambers. Younger wood, from the 16th and 17th century, was recognized in the Krupiński, Dusząca, Reyna and Weszki chambers, the Leszno and Karol galleries, the Sułów short shaft, and the Lizak chapel. The 18th–19th century wood appears in the August, Wałczyn, Dusząca, Rex and Kloski chambers, the Klemens gallery, the Piżmowa chapel, and the Wałczyn short shaft. In two excavations of the August and Weszki chambers, fragments of 20 th century wood were recognized. Wood from old mines is a valuable source of information on history of the mining excavations or tools used in the mines. It also allows extending the scope of research of the mining archaeology.