The aim of the conducted research was to determine the mercury content in the upper layers of soil taken from the areas with various impact of anthropogenic pressure. The article presents the content of mercury in the top layers of soils from selected areas of two districts of Warsaw, ie Ursynów and Mokotów. These areas are heavily influenced by the human activity. For comparison, a soil sample was also taken from the area of the Solska Forest, which is an example of an area with a negligible impact of anthropogenic pressure. The mercury content in the analyzed soil samples taken from the area of Warsaw ranged from 0.0334 mg·kg-1 to 0.4004 mg·kg-1 in Ursynów, while the soils from the Mokotów area contained from 0.2320 mg·kg-1 to 1.3098 mg·kg-1. For comparison, the sample from the Solska Forest area contained 0.2544 mg Hg·kg-1. In order to avoid uncontrolled re-emission and, as a consequence, possible accumulation of this element in the environment, it is necessary to continue monitoring the level of mercury pollution, among others, in soil.
The aim of the study was to determine the extent to which created and functioning beaver dams contribute to increasing water retention in the Łąki Soleckie facility (Mała River valley). Changes in the plant cover of meadow habitats within the range of beaver dams were also determined. During the growing periods in 2020-2022, measurements of the periodic levels and water retention of the Mała River and the adjacent ditches (R-27, R-29) were closely related to the activity of beavers and precipitation. The maximum volume of water retained in the Mała riverbed in 2020-2022 was 1,300, 1,700, and 1,200 m3 ; the maximum retention of the R-29 ditch was 270, 210, and 200 m3, respectively. In 2021-2022, the R-27 ditch collected the most water - 270 m3 and 250 m3. Starting from June 2022, due to beaver dams D2 and D3, the water level in the river and water retention have stabilised at a high level, despite slight rainfall. The activity of beavers contributed to the transformation of communities of wet habitats located on organic soils (Calthion) into communities of periodically wet habitats (Caricetum gracilis). In places where natural habitat 6510 occurs, the coverage of species of the Festuca genus has increased, and the value of the biodiversity index has increased by an average of 9%. High stability in the community of expansive species (Deschampsia caespitosa and Veronica longifolia) and their increasing cover may make it difficult to maintain the proper condition of natural habitat 6510.
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