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3 Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

3 2024

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Performance Enhancement of Polyethersulfone-Based Ultrafiltration Membrane Decorated by Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles for Dye Filtration

100%

Abed I. A. , Waisi B. I.

2024

tom Vol. 25, iss. 5

265--273

This study describes the modification of a polyethersulfone (PES)-based membrane by embedding titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) nanoparticles. The prepared composite membranes are then characterized and applied for melechate green dye (MG) filtration from water to asses its filtering capabilities. The effect of TiO2 contents on the morphology and filtration performance of the prepared composite membranes was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis. The blended membranes displayed improved water permeability and dye rejection compared to the plain PES. The membrane characterization results showed that compared to the plain PES membrane, the porosity of pure membrane increased (from 15.1% to 34.7%) with increasing the percentage of the embedded TiO2 . Then, the optical performance of the prepared membranes was examined in a cross-flow filtration system to separate MG dye from water. The filtration experiments showed that the composite PES/TiO2 membrane of 1.5 wt.% TiO2 has the best separation performance (permeate flux of 45 L/m2 .hr and dye removal efficiency of 80%).

Enhanced Hydrophobic Double-Layer Nanofibers Membranes for Direct Contact Membrane Distillation

100%

Safi N. N. , Waisi B. I.

2024

tom Vol. 25, iss. 4

325--335

There are several uses for electrospun nanofiber membranes because of their unique properties. Electrospinning, under suitable conditions, has allowed for the successful fabrication of nanofibrous membranes. This research, a dual-layer membrane was prepared and applied in a direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) system. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based electrospun nanofibers comprised the initial (base) layer. Hydrophobic electrospun nanofibers made from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) comprised the second (top) layer. The analysis was carried out using contact angle measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the morphology and wetting of a series of two-layer nanofiber membranes that were made with different percentages of PAN: PMMA. The study examined how the permeate flux was affected by changes in feed concentration, feed temperature, and feed flow rate. and optimized within a logical framework. These included feed inlet temperatures between 35 and 55 °C, salt concentrations between 70,000 and 210,000 ppm, and rates of supply flow of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 L/min. DCMD findings for the (25 PAN:75PMMA) membrane displayed that the amount of salt it rejected was better than 99.356% with flux 51.872 kg/m2 .h and a penetrate through conductivity lower down 334 µs/cm when performed under optimally supplied conditions (i.e., 70 g/L; 0.6 L/min; and 55 °C).

Adsorption Isotherms and Kinetics Studies of Lead on Polyacrylonitrile-Based Activated Carbon Nonwoven Nanofibres

80%

Waisi B. I. , Al-Bayati I. S. , Alobaidy A. A. , Mohammed M. A.

tom Vol. 25, iss. 6

20--26

Activated carbon nonwoven nanofibres (ACNN) mat derived from polyacrylonitrile was manufactured through the electrospinning method followed by thermal treatment steps. The ACNN ability to adsorb Pb(II) from a liquid solution was evaluated. The fabricated ACNN was characterized using scanning electron microscope, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method. The resulting ACNN exhibited nanofibres with a diameter of 530 nm and a surface area of 550 m2 /g. Various adsorption experiments were performed in batch scale to study the impact of factors like contact time, initial Pb(II) ions concentration, and pH. At pH 5, ACNN achieved a removal efficiency of 98% of Pb(II). The equilibrium data for Pb(II) ions was analysed using the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. Both kinetic models (pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order) and isotherm models were tested. Results revealed that the Langmuir model accurately described the adsorption isotherm of Pb(II) with a maximum capacity of 15.72 mg/g. Data analysis suggested that the pseudo-second-order model better represented the kinetic adsorption behaviour of Pb(II).