Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Nasiąkliwość jako cecha wpływająca na zmianę barwy granitów poddanych działaniu czynników atmosferycznych

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Rembiś M.

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tom Vol. 71, nr 11

543--554

EN

The paper presents the results of tests on granite from the Strzegom-Sobótka Massif (Lower Silesia, Poland) and Delicia White granite from the state of Espírito Santo (southeastern Brazil), which were used as paving slabs. Strzegom granite revealed low water absorption - below 0.4% and anisotropy of the capillary absorption coefficient from about 1.1 to about 2.3 g/m2/s. In slabs with a higher value of this coefficient (above 2 g/m2/s), the solutions resulting from the decomposition of some grains (hematite and siderite)from the subgrade aggregate were moved through a system of capillary micro-fissures. As a result, rusty stains appeared on the surface of many slabs, significantly reducing their decorative value. All samples of Brazilian granite were characterized by water absorption with an average value of 0.44% and low anisotropy of the capillary water absorption coefficient in the range of approximately 1. 6-1. 7g/m2/s. The surfaces of the slabs hadpreviously been subjected to thermal treatment. As a result, a near-surface zones with several-millimetre thick microcraks appeared in some of them. In such cases, the value of the capillary absorption coefficient increased to approximately 1.8 g/m2/s. Rainwater containing atmospheric gas and dust particles penetrated the pore space of the rock and reacted with highly weathered biotite and iron oxides and hydroxides. The decomposition products of these minerals dispersed in watermovedthroughasystemofcapillarycrackstowardsthesurfaceofdryingstone,creatingrustyspots.Researchhasshownthata low water absorption value of less than 0.5% is not a sufficient condition to ensure the stone's resistance to the destructive effects of environmental conditions. To assess the suitability of granite for use as an outdoor surface slab, it is also necessary to test its water capillary absorption coefficient. It is acceptable to use granite with a high anisotropy of the capillary absorption coefficient, provided that the method of cutting and laying the slabs ensures the transport of moisture in the direction corresponding to the lowest value of this coefficient.

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Przejawy korozji biologicznej kamienia budowlanego i problemy związane z jego rewaloryzacją

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Rembiś M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2019

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tom Vol. 67, nr 9

710--716

EN

Biological corrosion (biodeterioration) of a building material resulting from the presence of micro- and macroorganisms that occupy the stone impairs its properties and may even lead to its full damage (disintegration). The stone conservation procedures usually start with surface disinfection and are followed by consolidation (stone structure strengthening) and surface hydrophobization (inducing water repellency). Thus, the stone is penetrated almost simultaneously by a range of various chemicals. The combined interaction of the substances of various chemistry may lower their effectiveness and even result in a failure to obtain the desired stone restoration. Author’s SEM observations have proved that some of the biocidal substances hamper a later introduction ofchemicals, which eitherform appropriate films consolidating the sandstone structure or make the stone hydrophobic. Such adverse effects of the multichemical stone treatment have also been evidenced by the measurements of the sandstone compression strength and water absorbability

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Petrograficzne uwarunkowania zmienności mechanicznych właściwości niejednorodnego strukturalnie marmuru kalcytowego

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Rembiś M. , Kośla M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2022

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tom Vol. 70, nr 2

116--125

EN

Due to its exceptional ornamental properties, the marble Fior di Pesco Carnico (FDP marble) is a common decorative stone applied to external and internal building elevations. The rock is characterized by a considerable structural and textural variability; however, this feature pertains only to a minor degree to its directional arrangement of anisotropy planes (i.e. lamination) being usually dependent on the non-uniform, spatial distribution of rock mineral components or some textural elements, mainly veins. As a result, the utilitarian properties of the FDP marble varies dependingon therockzone. Petrographic AGA(Adjacent Grain Analysis) investigations were carried out on samples representing various fragments of a marble slab and essential mechanical parameters of the rock were determined. It has been established thatthe FDP marble is deformable asaresultof temperature changes (bowing) and that this feature can be explained to asignificant degree by the type ofcontacts between calcite blasts (AGA = 6). Other highly variable marble properties include the flexural strength under the concentrated load and the breaking load at dowel hole in different places of a marble plate. It has also been shown that applying to computational project works lower values of the expected mechanical rock parameters instead of their mean values has a ensible justification, as to a large extent it secures a higher exploitation safety of the marble to be used within a building object.

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Deterioracja ścian drogi wspinaczkowej na Niżnie Jasiowe Turnie (Tatry Zachodnie) spowodowana procesami naturalnymi oraz działalnością taternicką

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Rembiś M. , Jaranowska M. , Masny A.

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tom Vol. 71, nr 1

2--11

EN

In the Tatra National Park, mountaineering is allowed exclusively in designated areas. Despite the prohibition of climbing due to the legal regulations, there are other climbing routes in the Western Tatras, including those marked out on the Niżnie Jasiowe Turnie Peak. Observations made in the course of the present work prove that this route is in constant use by mountaineers. The Polish Mountaineering Association, carrying out actions to make new areas available for climbing and caving activities, is involved in performing environmental impact assessments of such projects. The trend of such measures includes the present work, which focuses on climbing route No. 15 “Muskatówka” on the Niżnie Jasiowe Turnie Peak. The purpose of the study was to show the indications of deterioration of the rock wall caused by mountaineering activities and natural weathering processes, and to assess the resistance of the rock bed to such destructive factors. The lithological variability of the rocks was characterized, their physical properties were studied, and their frost resistance, microhardness and abrasiveness were determined. The results of Cerchar’s abrasiveness were used to assess the susceptibility of the rock to scratching by metal elements of climbing equipment. The study showed that the impact of mountaineering activities on the deterioration of the wall of the climbing route on the Niżnie Jasiowe Turnie Peak is insignificant. Simultaneously, it was observed that the destruction of analysed rocks is caused to a much greater extent by natural weathering processes. In addition, the favourable physical-mechanical properties of the rocks outcropping in the climbing wall create the possibility of using the so-called “own belay” during climbing, instead of fixed belay points. In a protected area such as the Tatra National Park, it is increasingly necessary to take into account its many functions and meet the expectations of the various users of this “common good”. It is therefore indispensable to discuss the possibility of making new areas available for climbing activities.