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EN
The results of molecular dynamics simulation of fully hydrated dimyristoyl­phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) bilayer membrane in the liquid-crystalline phase are presented. They show that the probability of a gauche conformation varies periodically along the chain with only a slight increase towards the end of the chain. However, the frequency of transition between conformations increases, due to a decrease in the lifetime of the trans conformation, along the chain. The average lifetimes for trans conformations are in the range of 1-2 x 10-10 s and for gauche conformations in the range of 4-7 x 10-11 s. The α-chain of the DMPC head group has mainly an extended conformation, due to predominantly trans conformation of α5 torsion. The rotational correlation time for the P-N vector is 3.7 ns. The C2-C1-011-P fragment of the DMPC head group (θ1, α1, α2 torsions) is rigid while the P-012-C11-C12 fragment ( α3, α4, α5 torsions) is flexible. The lateral diffusion coefficient for DMPC self-diffusion in the mem­brane is 2 x 10-7 cm2/s; the rate of transverse diffusion is the same. Large differences in the calculated rotational correlation times for the a-, β-, γ-chains and for the 021-Cl-vector indicate that in the liquid-crystalline bilayer each segment of the DMPC molecule exhibits its own rotational freedom, in addition to its internal flexibility resulting from rotational isomerism. The results obtained in these calculations, although in general agreement with some ex­perimental data, shed new light on the dynamical behaviour of phosphatidyl­choline molecules in the bilayer membrane in the liquid-crystalline phase.
EN
The main structural element of biological membranes is a liquid-crystalline lipid bilayer. Other constituents, i.e. proteins, sterols and peptides, either intercalate into or loosely attach to the bilayer. We applied a molecular dynamics simulation method to study membrane systems at various levels of compositional complexity. The studies were started from simple lipid bilayers containing a single type phosphatidylcholine (PC) and water molecules (PC bilayers). As a next step, cholesterol (Chol) molecules were introduced to the PC bilayers (PC-Chol bilayers). These studies provided detailed information about the structure and dynamics of the membrane/water interface and the hydrocarbon chain region in bilayers built of various types of PCs and Chol. This enabled studies of membrane systems of higher complexity. They included the investigation of an integral membrane protein in its natural environment of a PC bilayer, and the antibacterial activity of magainin-2. The latter study required the construction of a model bacterial membrane which consisted of two types of phospholipids and counter ions. Whenever published experimental data were available, the results of the simulations were compared with them.
EN
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations complement experimental methods in studies of the structure and dynamics of lipid bilayers. The choice of algorithms employed in this computational method represents a trade-off between the accuracy and real cal­culation time. The largest portion of the simulation time is devoted to calculation of long-range electrostatic interactions. To speed-up evaluation of these interactions, various approximations have been used. The most common ones are the truncation of long-range interactions with the use of cut-offs, and the particle-mesh Ewald (PME) method. In this study, several multi-nanosecond cut-off and PME simulations were performed to establish the influence of the simulation protocol on the bilayer proper­ties. Two bilayers were used. One consisted of neutral phosphatidylcholine molecules. The other was a mixed lipid bilayer consisting of neutral phosphatidylethanolamine and negatively charged phosphatidylglycerol molecules. The study shows that the cut-off simulation of a bilayer containing charge molecules generates artefacts; in par­ticular the mobility and order of the charged molecules are vastly different from those determined experimentally. In the PME simulation, the bilayer properties are in general agreement with experimental data. The cut-off simulation of bilayers containing only uncharged molecules does not generate artefacts, nevertheless, the PME simulation gives generally better agreement with experimental data.
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