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Charakterystyki spektrofotometryczne oszkleń budowlanych i samochodowych.

100%

Lachman W.

Szkło i Ceramika

2002

tom R. 53, nr 6

7-10

Counter electrodes for WO/sub 3/-based electrochromic coatings

51%

Żelazowska E. , Ziemba B. , Lachman W.

Optica Applicata

2000

tom Vol. 30, nr 4

663-670

Thin polycrystalline electrochromic tungsten trioxide as well as nickel, vanadium and titanium oxide films with and without lithium additive were prepared by spray pyrolysis on glass coated with SnO/sub 2/:F, using acetylacetonates as precursor materials. The substrate temperature was held at 600 degrees C for WO/sub 3/ and 680 degrees C for the other metal oxide films. Electrochromic colouration and bleaching characteristics were examined in the transmissive electrochromic cell arrangement, using LiClO/sub 4/-poly(ethylene oxide) polymer electrolyte and significant changes of optical transmission in the visible and solar range, up to 70%, were observed. The obtained films were electrochemically stable and colouration and bleaching cycles were reversible at a voltage of +or-(1-25) V. The start of the electrochemical reactions for most of the films obtained was observed in the range of +or-(0.3-4) V.

Organic-inorganic hybrid electrolytes for thin film metal oxide electrochromic coatings

51%

Żelazowska E. , Borczuch-Łączka M. , Rysiakiewicz-Pasek E. , Lachman W.

Optica Applicata

2005

tom Vol. 35, nr 4

887-894

Sol-gel derived lithium salt (LiClO4) doped organic-inorganic hybrid electrolytes have been obtained from the tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), propylene oxide (PO), ethyl acetoacetate (EAA), propylene carbonate (PC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) precursors and have been investigated for morphology and structural properties by SEM/EDS and FTIR spectroscopy. The hybrid materials obtained were amorphous, with structural properties influenced by organic ingredients which had been used, and with the ionic conductivities of 10-4-10-3 Scm-1. When used as electrolytes in the WO3-based thin-film electrochromic coatings, they have proved to be suitable for low-temperature electrochemical applications.

Wymagania jakościowe dla szkieł kryształowych.

51%

Grochal E. , Żelazowska E. , Lachman W.

Szkło i Ceramika

2006

tom R. 57, nr 1

14-17

W artykule przedstawiono podział i wymagania dla szkieł kryształowych według przepisów unijnych. Omówiono wpływ czystości surowców, stosowanych do wytopu szkieł kryształowych, w tym zwłaszcza piasku szklarskiego, na właściwości użytkowe takie jak bezbarwność i przepuszczalność światła.

In this paper, there have been presented the classification and detailed requirements for chemical and physical properties concerning to crystal glass, in the aspect of the European Union and new Polish law regulations. The influence of purity of the raw materials, especially glassmaking sand used for melting crystal glass, on some useful properties such as colourless and light transmittance have also been reported.