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Effect of Neem Pesticide (Achook) on Midgut Enzymatic Activities and Selected Biochemical Compounds in the Hemolymph of Lesser Mulberry Pyralid, Glyphodes Pyloalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

100%

Khosravi R. , Sendi J. J.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2013

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tom 53

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nr 3

EN

Synthetic organic compounds and those of plant origin used in insect pest control are known to affect digestive enzymes and biochemical compounds. The lesser mulberry pyralid Glyphodes pyloalis Walker is a monophagous and dangerous pest of mulberry that has been recently observed in Guilan province, northern Iran. In this study the effect of the neem formulation, Achook (0.03% azadirachtin) was studied on nutritional physiology and gut enzyme activity of the lesser mulberry pyralid G. pyloalis. The LC25, LC50, and LC90 values on 4th instar larvae were estimated as 113.6, 256.84, and 1,210.02 ppm, respectively. The neem insecticide exhibited a significant antifeedant activity when used at the highest concentration. When G. pyloalis larvae were provided with mulberry leaves treated with the neem extract, all nutritional indices, except approximate digestibility, decreased. Neem was found to affect digestive enzyme activities in the midgut of treated larvae. When larvae were fed on treated leaves, biochemical compounds in the hemolymph, such as protein, lipid, and glucose decreased but the amount of uric acid increased compared with the control.

2

Morphometric variations of the skull in the gray wolf (Canis lupus) in Iran

80%

Khosravi R. , Kaboli M. , Imani J. , Nourani E.

Acta Theriologica

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2012

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tom 57

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nr 4

EN

The Gray Wolf is a wide ranging carnivore in Iran, absent only in the central deserts and Dasht-e Lut. This study was carried out to verify whether, despite their high mobility, individual wolves belonging to different populations show morphological variations in the skull. We collected 48 skulls from various regions of Iran and measured 24 variables on the cranium. These primary variables were then used to generate six indices to examine any variations in the shape of the skulls collected in different regions of the country. Although the largest skulls collected for this study originated in the mountainous regions of the northwest, northeast, and west, principle component analysis (PCA) did not result in a meaningful difference in the size and shape of wolf skulls in different regions of Iran. Our results confirm that the minor morphological variations of the skull in wolves of Iran are not an evidence for the separation of wolf populations in different regions or the existence of various subspecies in the country. This uniformity can be explained by the strong gene flow among populations as well as high mobility of the wolf that facilitates movement of individuals between populations.

3

Effect of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, and Zn) on feeding indices and energy reserves of the cotton boll worm Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

80%

Baghban A. , Sendi J. J. , Zibaee A. , Khosravi R.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2014

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tom 54

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nr 4

EN

Third-instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were exposed to 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg concentrations of cadmium (Cd). The third-instar larvae were also exposed to 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg concentration of copper (Cu), and 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg concentrations of zinc (Zn). The heavy metal concentrations were each introduced separately into the artificial diet of the third-instar larvae. The third-instar larvae were 24 h old at the start of the treatment. The larvae were maintained in controlled conditions (26±1°C, 65±10% RH and 16L : 8D h) for 7 days. The feeding indices and the level of total protein, glycogen, cholesterol, and triglyceride were measured after the treatments. The results showed that high concentrations of Cd significantly increased approximate digestibility (AD). The relative growth rate (RGR) was significantly enhanced with a 25 mg/kg concentration of Cu. Efficiency of conversion of the ingested food (ECI%) increased significantly with lower concentrations of copper (25 and 50 mg/kg). The amount of cholesterol was also enhanced with 12.5 and 25 mg/kg concentrations of cadmium while the amount of triglyceride was significantly reduced in all Cd treatments. Glycogen, protein, and cholesterol were significantly enhanced in all Cu treatments. The amount of triglycerides at 25 and 50 mg/kg of Cu was significantly increased. Glycogen in all Zn treatments was significantly increased. Protein and cholesterol levels showed significant reduction with a 25 and 50 mg/kg concentration of zinc while triglyceride was enhanced with a 50 mg/kg concentration of Zn. It is clear from the present results that the presence of such heavy metals in the environment has an intense impact on H. armigera as far as food consumption and biochemical indices are concerned. Therefore, a need is shown for a more comprehensive study on the life table and immunology of this insect, under the presence of heavy metals.

4

Effect of Artemisia annua L. on deterrence and nutritional efficiency of lesser mulberry pyralid (Glyphodes pylolais Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

80%

Khosravi R. , Sendi J. J. , Ghadamyari M.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2010

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tom 50

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nr 4

EN

Methanolic extract of Artemisia annua L. were evaluated on growth and nutritional efficiency of lesser mulberry pyralid Glyphodes pyloalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in laboratory conditions (24±1°C, 75±5% RH and 16 L : 8 D). Feeding deterrence index was evaluated by a choice test method on < 24 h fifth instar larvae with 5, 2.5, 1.25 and 0.625 percent of the extract. The result indicated that increasing the concentration resulted in higher deterrence. The extract retarded larval growth significantly (EC50 = 3.63%) and also showed significant effects on the relative growth rate (RGR), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI), efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD), approximate digestibility (AD) and consumption index (CI). Lipid, protein and carbohydrate in treated insects were significantly reduced compared to the controls. Hence, methanol extract of A. annua could be considered as a strong deterrent which also affects the biochemical metabolism of the target pest. Methanol extract of A. annua has the potential for development as a botanical insecticide.

PL

Oceniano działanie wyciągu metanolowego Artemisia annua L. na wzrost i wydajność żywieniową zadarliby morwowej Glyphodes pylolais (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) w warunkach laboratoryjnych (24±1°C, 75±5% wilgotności względnej fotoperiod – 16 godz. Światła i 8 godz. ciemności). Wskaźnik odstraszania żywieniowego, określano wybraną metodą na piątym pokoleniu larw przy wykorzystaniu wyciągu o stężeniu 5.25, 1.25 i o.625%. Wyniki wykazały, że wzrost stężenia powodował większe odstraszanie (DC50 = 0.48%). Wyciąg istotnie opóźniał wzrost larw (EC50 = 3.63%) i także wykazywał istotne działanie na względne tempo wzrostu (RGR), wydajność konwersji pobranego pokarmu (ECI), przybliżoną strawność (AD) i wskaźnik konsumpcji (IC). Tłuszcz, białko i węglowodany w traktowanych owadach były znacznie zredukowane w porównaniu do kontroli. Więc wyciąg metanolowy A. annua mógłby być uznany za silny związek odstraszający, wpływający także na metabolizm biochemiczny docelowego szkodnika. Wyciąg metanolowy A. annua ma potencjał stania się insektycydem botanicznym.

5

Is black coat color in wolves of Iran an evidence of admixed ancestry with dogs?

70%

Khosravi R. , Asadi Aghbolaghi M. , Rezaei H. R. , Nourani E. , Kaboli M.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2015

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tom 56

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nr 1

6

Disinfecting poultry slaughterhouse wastewater using copper electrodes in the electrocoagulation process

41%

Zarei A. , Biglari H. , Mobini M. , Dargahi A. , Ebrahimzadeh G. , Narooie M. R. , Mehrizi E. A. , Yari A. R. , Mohammadi M. J. , Baneshi M. M. , Khosravi R. , Poursadeghiyan M.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2018

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tom 27

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nr 4

EN

Insufficiencies and deficiencies in slaughterhouses could adversely affect public health. Wastewater from slaughtering, along with high microbial pollution, results in serious pollution to the surrounding environment if not treated. This study sought to investigate the efficiency of the electrocoagulation process using copper electrodes in the disinfection of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater without any initial controlling. The physical and chemical properties of samples of wastewater taken from a poultry slaughterhouse were first analyzed. Then the samples were subjected to the electrocoagulation process using copper electrodes in potential differences of 10, 20, and 30 V over a period of 60 min. Then the removal efficiency of total coliforms was examined in accordance with standard methods found in textbooks. The results obtained from this study indicated that the efficiency of the electrocoagulation process increased by an increase in process time as well as in electric potential difference. The maximum removal efficiency of total coliforms was 100% in potential difference, equal to 30 V in the reaction time of 10 min. Moreover, the results of this study revealed that the electrocoagulation process using a copper electrode was fully able to remove total coliform from poultry slaughterhouse wastewater.