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2 Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

2 2020

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Emergency Number 112: Its Nature and the Need to Educate the Public in Poland

100%

Kaczmarczyk B. , Lis K.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

2020

tom 32(32)

128-148

BACKGROUND: According to statistical data, since 2014, only about 20% of incoming calls to the emergency call centre have been actual emergency calls, others are classified as non-emergency or false calls. This leads to the question: Why is this situation happening in the Republic of Poland? OBJECTIVES: The aim of this article is to show the public’s awareness with regard to the purpose of 112 emergency number and to indicate the causes and effects of the discussed phenomenon as well as proposals aimed at changing the existing state of affairs. METHODOLOGY: Theoretical and empirical methods were used. An analysis was made of, inter alia, available literature on security and education for safety, sources of law and reports on the functioning of the emergency communication system. Interviews with experts, who are the 112 emergency number operators, were also conducted. CONCLUSIONS: There are many problems generated by the Polish citizens that prevent the proper functioning of the 112 emergency telephone number. The reasons lie primarily in two areas: the lack of adequate education within the context of all social groups and the lack of strict penalties for deliberate performing non-emergency calls or blocking the emergency line.

Online Hate Speech and the Safety of Internet Users

80%

Kaczmarczyk B. , Dąbrowska M. , Szczepański P. , Nowicka I.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

2020

tom 31(31)

139-159

Background: Hate speech is a very important problem nowadays. One can meet it in one’s immediate surroundings (conversations with friends), the media, the Internet, or in the so-called public space (for example, inscriptions on the walls). One form of hate speech is online hate speech, which, together with certain other phenomena, is referred to as hejt in the Polish language. The authors of the article focus on presenting online hate speech in relation to various age and social groups. Objectives: The aim of the article is to present the phenomenon of hate speech on the web and its impact on the safety of Internet users. Methods: The article uses basic theoretical and empirical methods. Content published on the Internet is analyzed and case studies are described. Interviews with experts (psychologists, police officers, sociologists, media and hate speech specialists) were also conducted and their views are presented. Conclusions: In the discussion about hate speech, prevention is extremely important. According to the authors, broad prevention consisting of professionally prepared content, enriched with film materials, presented by an expert or a trained teacher, should be included in the core curriculum of schools as one of the mandatory issues raised during the lessons.