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Content available Kadyńscy malarze na ceramice
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PL
W artykule przedstawiono historię artystycznego warsztatu majoliki i terakoty, założonego w 1904 r. w Kadynach, nad Zalewem Wiślanym przez Wilhelma II. Autorka omówiła główne tendencje występujące w twórczości ceramicznej i malarskiej oraz ich ewolucję do lat 20. XX w. Przedstawiła także sylwetki najwybitniejszych malarzy na ceramice związanych z Kadynami.
EN
This article presents the history of artistic majolica and terracotta workshop, founded in 1904 in Kadyny, on the Vistula Lagoon by Wilhelm II. The author discussed the main trends in ceramic art and painting and their evolution up to the 20' Twentieth century also made silhouettes of the greatest painters on ceramics associated with Kadyny.
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Content available remote Kadyny. Wilhelmińska fabryka terakoty i majoliki 1903/4-1945.
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EN
During the turn of the years 1903/1904 Wilhelm II established the "Royal Workshop of Majolica and Terracotta" at Cadinen, on the Vistula Bay. The factory employed such artists as Ludwig Menzel, Heinrich Splith, Gerhard Jenensch, Wilhelm Haverkamp, Berthold Karl Felderhof, Ernst Westphal, Adolph Amberg and August Vogel, Paul Heydel, and Karl Seeber. Until the out break of the First World War, the factory produced terracotta and majolica wares of these thematic cathegories: 1. statues, vessels, plaques and trinkets associated with the Imperial family 2. vessels, statues and architectural detail in historic stilistics and 3. decorative plaques, statues and vessels adorned with secession style motives. During tha late 1920's Wilhelm Dietrich, the factory director, brought into production a Cadinen style of animal motives and chocholate brown stoneware vessels of the Bottger type as well as creating a uniques decorative style. Vessels with so-called tracery ornamentation became popular. These wares were additionally characterised by a palette of colours consisting of cobalt blue and a warm and deep shade of brown, known as Cadinen red, as well as gilding which accented the decorative motives. The factory ceased to exist after 1945.
PL
W trakcie wieloletnich badań archeologicznych na Starym Mieście w Elblągu znaleziono kilkadziesiąt artefaktów porcelany chińskiej (china porcelain): czarki do herbaty i alkoholu, czajniczek o żłobkowanej powierzchni (molded „pumpkin-shaped” teapot), spodki na konfitury, talerzyki deserowe, miski na ryż. Były to naczynia o malarskiej dekoracji niebiesko-białej, zwane kraak porcelain z okresu Wanli oraz naczynia z dekoracją kwiatową (blue and white flora reserves) pokryte z drugiej strony brązową angobą z okresu Kangxi, były też wielobarwnie malowane emaliami w technice famille rose, china-imari and imari-rouge-de-fer z ery dynastii Qing.
EN
During many years of archaeological research in the old town of Elblag, dozens of Chinese porcelain artefacts (china porcelain) were found. They consisted of a variety of dishes, such as cups for tea and alcoholic drinks, teapots with a grooved surface (moulded “pumpkin-shaped” teapots), small dishes for jam, dessert plates, and rice bowls. The dishes were decorated with blue and white painting (under-glaze blue painting), so called Kraak- porcelain from Wanli-Period, and the dishes had floral pattern (Blue and White Flora Reserves), covered on the exterior of the bowl being decorated with Batavia brown engobe from the Kangxi-Period. There were multicolour-painted dishes (over-glazed enamels) in the pink family technique, china-imari and imari-rouge-de-fer from the Qing-Period.
EN
A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNIP) is a variation in a single nucleotide that occurs at a certain position in the DNA. Each variant is, to some extent, present within a population (e.g. > 1%). Due to the correlations of some SNIP’s with sport performance and athletic physical capacity, various authors considered their importance in the context of professional sport. Among many SNIP’s angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) polymorphism is a well-studied example associated with an enhanced physiological response to aerobic exercise. Among other sport-related interesting SNIP’s following are highly documented: AMPD1 (C34T) Gln12 Allele, BDKRB2 rs5810761, UCP’s and eNOS rs1799983.
EN
Introduction. Back pain syndromes occur in 30-40% of kids and adolescents, aged 7-17 years, with prolonged sitting position or leisure time activities as usually mentioned possible causes. Sailing is a multifaceted sport, with relatively long periods of static positions and quasi-isometric muscle overload. Back pain in sailing results from either sailing it-self or from boat-related activities. Aim of Study. The aim of this study was to investigate the back pain epidemiology and etiology in Optimist dinghy sailing. Material and Methods. Eighty four optimist sailors (60 boys and 24 girls; 11 to 15 years) and their 18 coaches were surveyed, using 23 and 9 points questionnaires, respectively. Results. As much as 43% of analyzed Optimist sailors sensed back pain during the sailing season. Mainly thoracic and lumbosacral pain occurred during on-land boat-related activities and while sailing. On average, the sensed pain was occasional, lasting usually more than three months, of stabbing or radiating type and intensity of 2-6 on 10-point scale. Only six respondents underwent adequate physical examination and treatment. All trainers declared caring about their sailors’ need for healthy development, however 85% of them do not recommend, as a recovery strategy, the use of physioor kinesio-therapy, and 30% omit implementing special exercises related to spinal pain prophylactics and/or compensation. The trainers are not informed or informed occasionally about pain sensed by their trainees. Conclusions. There is the considerable need for the development of educational program of preventive and/or compensatory character to introduce in polish Optimist sports clubs.
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Introduction. In modern sport, training individualization and detailed analysis of specific patterns of biochemical indices under certain exercises and training sessions is become more and more crucial. Aim of Study. This study aimed to concurrently evaluate the lactate and blood ammonia response during resistance training in four elite sprinters (two men and two women). Material and Methods. Blood samples were taken from the fingertip before and after the warm-up, after each exercise (power cleans, squat jumps, quarter squats and lunges), and at the 10th and 20th min of the cool-down. Results. In male athletes, maximum lactate concentrations were achieved after the power clean exercise, while peak blood ammonia concentrations after squat jumps. In female athletes, peak blood ammonia and lactate concentrations were noted more individually. The course of changes in lactate concentrations was very diverse in each athlete. The ammonia concentration in response to the performed exercises was much more consistent, however still different between individual athletes. Conclusions. A practical analysis of the metabolic response to different exercises in a resistance training session, using lactate and ammonia concentrations, offers vital information that can help coaches better understand internal training load experienced by the athlete and to better adjust the prescribed loads and rest periods to the training targets in future training sessions.
EN
The authors examine genetic and environmental risk factors for lumbar disc disease in Olympic grappling athletes. The spine is the primary site of injuries in combat sports involving kicking, striking, throwing and joint locking. The execution of such techniques involves multiple repetitions of rapid movements, short maximal muscle contractions, usually with heavy external loads, and frequent training bouts with a partner. This type of training is associated with a significantly increased risk of injuries and overloads of the lumbar spine. The consequences of musculoskeletal overloads are often caused by the insufficient elasticity of the soft tissues.
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