An algorithm is proposed to find an integer solution for bilevel linear fractional programming problem with discrete variables. The method develops a cut that removes the integer solutions which are not bilevel feasible. The proposed method is extended from bilevel to multilevel linear fractional programming problems with discrete variables. The solution procedure for both the algorithms is elucidated in the paper.
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We report the morphological and electrical study of a composite of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and nanotitanium dioxide (TiO2-50 nm) in conducting polymer polyaniline (PANI). The composite was synthesized using in-situ polymerization technique. The composite was characterized in terms of morphology and electrical properties using scanning electron microscopy and DC electrical conductivity (σdc). We observed that the DC electrical conductivity of the composite film increased with increasing the loading of nanocomposite material from 20 % to 40 % into PVA stabilizer. The DC conductivity results showed that the molecular chain contribution of the nanocomposite material (nano-TiO2-+ PANI) was the prominent carrier in the composite film made of the nanocomposite and PVA stabilizer.
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