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EN
New blue-violet diamagnetic diindium(III) triphthalocyanine and paramagnetic indium(III) diphthalocyanine complexes have been obtained in crystalline form. The UV-VIS, IR and far IR spectra of the I-n2P-c3 and I-nP-c2 complexes are presented here for the first time. The spectroscopic data of the both In(III) complexes are discussed in terms of characteristic group frequencies and compared with other phthalocyanines. An emperical vibrational assignment of the observed fundamentals is given. The absorption electronic spectra indicate the proximity of the HOMO and LUMO of the Pc ligand in energy.
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Content available remote Walka radioelektroniczna w nowych uwarunkowaniach polityczno-militarnych SZ RP
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The Polish Republic’s Armed Forces more frequently participate in the UN international peace missions and coalitions activities in the framework of NATO. The necessity arises to ensure their interoperability in many areas. The research over accessible NATO standardisation documents and Polish war theoreticians’ achievements gave rein to develop a new theory, which is called radio-electronic warfare in NATO terminology. According to the author, activities undertaken within radio-electronic warfare ought to be conducted on a specific, i.e. electronic battlefield including electronic means emitting and receiving electromagnetic energy that function in an appropriate electromagnetic environment. The basic tasks undertaken in contemporary military actions to fight and defend electronic means and systems cause that radio-electronic warfare ought to be a complex system where two forms of activities: offensive and defensive ones can be differentiated. Due to its functioning, radio-electronic warfare should be divided into radio-electronic reconnaissance, electronic clutter and electronic defence.
EN
The article presents a general outline of the decision making process in information defence in land forces' corps' defensive actions. It has been shown that the decision making process is an integral part of the command process that should be conducted by the corps' staff due to binding procedures and techniques. It has been assumed that its planning and organisation will be carried out in a centralised way regardless the fact that information defence includes various endeavours mentioned in previous parts of the article and various forms of activity that in the course of defence operations will be conducted by many performers. The theoretical considerations are supported by basic documents consisting of plans, orders and commands.
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The paper presents selected aspects of the use of modern business intelligence tools in military applications. It shows a concept of integrated IT systems of management supported by the tools of business intelligence. The article presents a broad spectrum of the use of these tools in business planning. It introduces the possible areas of military applications of these solutions in the context of the process of the integration of the command systems used in the Polish Armed Forces, which has lasted for many years.
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Content available remote Współczesna sieć teleinformatyczna związku taktycznego wojsk lądowych
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EN
Selected problems of the modern teleinformatic network of land force’s brigade and division are presented in the article. A special attention is drawn to explaining notions from convergent areas of telecommunication and informatics. A general structure of teleinformatic network is suggested. Its components are characterised. Then the material basis to build particular components of the network is shows, i.e. teleinformatic devices and assets: teletransmission ones (radio lines, cable, radio and satellite), commutation ones (switchboards, terminal equipment, rooters), final ones (devices, computers, terminals) and special ones (cryptography devices).
EN
The article presents the range and contents of information defence endeavours against reconnaissance in division's and brigade's defensive operations. Assuming that reconnaissance abilities have always influenced both the contents as well as forms of organising and conducting reconnaissance actions, it has been proved that information defence against reconnaissance is one of the most vital elements of brigade's and division's defensive operations' security. It is a set of co-ordinated actions adapted to hiding files of all kinds of information about a real situation, position and plans of brigade and division troops which are or may be available for a potential enemy reconnaissance. It has been proved that this availability may be direct (for human senses) and indirect (for technical reconnaissance measures). Hence there have been distinguished and characterised appropriate information defence actions against direct and indirect reconnaissance in brigade's and division's defence operations.
EN
Taking into consideration the experiences of past local wars and armed conflicts, it has been proved that troops may perform their duties on contemporary digital battlefields in the conditions of constant threats of offensive information warfare means. It has been assumed that in such a situation a need arises to protect war operations in the form of a properly organised information defence against disturbances. Therefore the article presents, to be used actively, appropriately justified active and passive activities undertaken in brigade and division’s defensive operations to ensure stable functioning of command and weapon management systems and their components. Due to diversified forms of early information disturbances, there have been distinguished and characterised information defence against: jamming, misinformation jamming, destructive one and also ensuring electromagnetic compatibility in the brigade and division’s defence area.
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Content available remote Znaczenie rażenia elektronicznego we współczesnych operacjach
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This article presents the results of researches in the field of electronic destruction in contemporary operations. It has been proved that electronic destruction is becoming an important part of contemporary operations, especially in net-centric warfare and as such it has to be taken into consideration as an activity of both enemy and own armed forces. Hence, the position and role of electronic destruction in net-centric warfare has been defined and its division has been presented. As a result, the range of individual components, i.e. interference, electronic deception and neutralization were discussed. It was defined that actions taken within the confines of individual components of electronic destruction consist in disorganization of surveillance, communications and armament guiding equipment during the time essential for undertaking fire strikes on different enemy objects or in the permanent destruction of these objects by electromagnetic energy of high density power, comparable to the energy of electromagnetic impulse accompanying nuclear explosion. The author highly values the results of researches concerning future ways of electronic destruction, which destroy elements of electronic systems and disorganize information and information-managing processes, essential for commanding the armed forces and guiding the armament.
EN
In the first article of the series on information defence, the author underlines a significant role of information defence while preparing and waging defence actions of division and brigade. Well planned and performed information defence endeavours may have strong influence on reaching their tasks. Despite the fact that these endeavours conducted within information defence are not a form of actions that has an immediate destructive impact on enemy’s forces and assets, including them effectively in the defence actions system of a brigade or division may bring measurable results. The author thinks that the efficiency of endeavours undertaken within information defence in a brigade or division may be reached providing preparing staffs and forces to wage it in peacetime.
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The article features the conditions of centric network operations determining net-centric organisations of command system and its teleinformatic networks. The author’s considerations take into account the fact that the inseparable part of network centric is information domain, the basis of which is Global Information Grid (GIG) and its physical platform is the teleinformatic network capable of ensuring the real functioning of this concept. As a consequence of the mentioned above assumption, there were specified network centric operations’ characteristics and factors which may affect command, control and communications. Also the specific character of net-centric command system organisation was defined and features of teleinformatic networks organised in net-centric operations were presented.
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