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EN
In this paper we consider modeling an inbound telephone call center, where the callers may balk or abandon, with an inhomogeneous continuous time Markov chain model. We further discuss the practical application of the uniformization method and compare it to traditional call center modeling methods based on stationary approximations.
PL
W artykule omawiane jest modelowanie telefonicznego call center za pomocą łańcuchów Markowa z czasem ciągłym. Model uwzględnia możliwość rozłączenia się klienta (opuszczenia kolejki), jeżeli nie może być on obsłużony natychmiast (balking) lub gdy okres oczekiwania przekracza jego cierpliwość (abandonment). Artykuł porównuje praktyczne zastosowanie metody uniformizacji oraz metod przybliżonych, zakładających (chwilową) stacjonarność systemu.
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tom nr 3(2)
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PL
W pracy przedstawiono wybrane sposoby modelowania słupa wsporczego znaku drogowego w programie LS-Dyna. Podjęto próbę wykazania zalet i wad dla poszczególnych rozwiązań. Podczas analizy skupiono się na sposobie modelowania słupa, upraszczając pozostałe elementy konstrukcji w tym utwierdzenie w podłożu.
EN
This paper presents some ways of modeling the supporting pole for a traffic sign in the LS-Dyna. An attempt was made to demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages for each solution. Analysis is focused on the modeling method, whereas the the remaining elements of construction are simplified.
5
Content available Non-proportional load conditions
51%
EN
This paper deals with fatigue behavior of pure copper in different load conditions, including complex proportional and non-proportional loads. The material has been chosen due to its potential high sensitivity for nonproportional loads. The aim of this paper is search for relationship between the fatigue life of pure copper and shear stress vector paths in non-proportional load conditions.
EN
This paper deals with modeling of monotonic tensile test of Cu-ETP copper in numerical environment using finite element method. The research aims to verify the capabilities of LS-Dyna software in terms of modeling the strain hardening and damage of the material. The numerical analyses were proceeded by experimental tests to determine the materials constants of isotropic hardening model and constant required for modeling of material’s damage. Determined material constants were implemented into LS-Dyna environment using MAT_Damage_3 material model. The specimen model was built using eight-node hexahedrons. Both in case of experimental and numerical tests, the controlled parameter was displacement of the specimen. Obtained strain-stress curves were analyzed and conclusions were drawn.
7
51%
EN
The paper discusses issues of examination supporting structure of forage trailer. Tests were applied to supporting structure, lowered in order to adjust the height of mix feeding for younger cattle. Lowering obtained by spreading of supports caused increase of the structure effort and increase of stress exceeding acceptable values. The paper describes the manner of preparation of numerical model and results of tests performed with its application. Based upon the results modification of the structure in critical areas was proposed. Implementation of such modifications resulted in improvement of effort of forage trailer supporting structure.
EN
The paper presents manner of analytical modelling of forage trailer supporting structure. Process of obtaining mathematical model from physical model was presented as well as final form of mathematical model in the form of equations describing deflections and stresses of the forage trailer construction. Results of analytical calculations were compared with results of numerical calculations with the method of complete elements. Good, 5%, compliance of the results of analytical and numerical calculations was achieved.
EN
The paper presents experimental verification of forage trailer supporting structure. Conditions for performance of strain gauge measurements of stresses at selected frame points were presented. Results of strain gage measurements were compared with results of calculations by method of complete elements. Dozen percentage compliance of results of numerical calculations and experimental measurements was obtained. Maximum stresses were specified with accuracy of ca.2%. During measurements asymmetrical distribution of load in the frame was stated.
EN
The study describes issues of research of frame structure of single axis manure spreader of loading capacity 14t. During the tests state of stress in frame structure and manure box have been specified. Manner of preparation of numerical model and results of tests performed with its use have also been described. On the basis of the results modification of the construction in critical areas has been proposed. Introduction of modifications resulted in improvement of frame structure of manure spreader strength state.
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