Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Światowy Dzień GIS - analiza obchodów w Polsce i jego znaczenie w edukacji geograficznej

100%

Kunz M.

|

tom T. 9, z. 4

93-103

PL

Inicjatywa, coraz bardziej popularnego Dnia GIS doskonale wkomponowuje się, jako element uzupełniający, w proces kształcenia z zakresu podstaw, jak i zastosowań Systemów Informacji Geograficznej. Pierwsze obchody pod szyldem "Dzień GIS" odbyły się 18 listopada 1999 roku równocześnie w kilkunastu krajach świata, a zaproponowane hasło przewodnie wykorzystanie GIS jest ograniczone tylko wyobraźnią osób go używających pozostaje aktualne przez wszystkie dotychczasowe lata. Od pierwszych pokazów obserwuje się przyrost krajów i ośrodków (akademickich, instytucjonalnych i komercyjnych) przybliżających wszystkim zainteresowanym, w tej otwartej i ciekawej formie, nowoczesne oblicze geografii (Kunz, 2007). Obecnie, Dzień GIS obchodzony jest równocześnie w ponad 80 krajach świata i uczestniczy w nich corocznie ponad milion uczestników. Celem badań była analiza dotychczasowych obchodów Dnia GIS w Polsce (2000-2010) oraz próba określenia znaczenia tej formuły przekazywania wiedzy i umiejętności w edukacji geograficznej.

EN

Geographic Information Systems were classified as one of the most important technological" inventions" of the 20th century for geography. GIS, as the content of lectures, and later on as an academic subject, was introduced at Polish universities and colleges relatively late - only at the beginning of the 1990s. At first, it was an extension of the content scope discussed within the framework of cartography and topography, and only later - as independent lectures and practical classes. The International GIS Day is an excellent supplement to the content of lectures and practical workshops, as well as an indication of proper students' attitudes towards geoinformation. It has been organized every year in November for more than 10 years, in Poland and worldwide. The objective of this event is to popularize the knowledge about geoinformation systems and their broad applications. The first celebration of this day took place on 18th of November 1999 in several countries at the same time, and the proposed theme -" application of GIS is limited only by the imagination of people who use it" - remains valid until now. Since the first shows, one can observe an increasing number of countries and academic, institutional and commercial centres introducing the modern geography to all who are interested in it through such an open and interesting form. The research is aimed at analysing previous celebrations of the GIS Day in Poland (2000-2010), as well as making an attempt to determine the significance of this form of sharing the knowledge and skills in geographic education.

2

Spatial distribution of heathlands in the north-western part of Poland (Pomerania District)

63%

Kunz M. , Nienartowicz A.

|

tom 12

EN

Spatial distribution of heathlands in Pomerania (the north-western part of Poland) was described based on the results of questionnaires sent out to the registered offices of all forest divisions (96), national (4) and landscape (15) parks of this area. According to the inventory, heathlands occur in 28 forest divisions and 3 national and landscape parks. The frequency of occurrence and the area covered by heathlands were determined. All the data were compiled in the form of a spatial database with the use of Geographic Information Systems. The paper also contains the geographical distribution of heath habitats in the area of Pomerania according to particular syntaxa. Additionally, the content of the database CORINE Land Cover was analysed at the third level for the area of Pomerania, completed for the years of 2000 and 2006. The area and the number of patches were described according to three land cover categories: heaths (code 322), conflagration sites (code 334) and peat bogs (code 412).

3

Wspomnienie o Mieczysławie Sinkiewiczu (1950–1995)

63%

Kunz M. , Kozieł Z.

|

tom T. 47

3--13

EN

He was a very promising researcher1 at the Institute of Geography of Nicolaus Copernicus University (NCU) in Toruń, with diverse research interests focussing particularly on remote sensing and its practical applications. He passed away aged 45, at the threshold of his research and organisational career, in the most creative period in life, and with advanced work on his postdoctoral dissertation. This happened during a scientifi c expedition to Iceland, whose main research theme was the monitoring of changes of Iceland’s natural surface using ERS–1 and ERS–2 satellite images and other remote sensing systems.

4

Temporal and spatial changes in the distribution of heaths within the city of Torun according to analysis of cartographic and remote-sensing materials, and field exploration

63%

Kunz M. , Nienartowicz A.

|

tom 12

EN

The paper describes changes in the distribution and the surface area of heaths during the last, nearly 120 years at two research sites located in the city of Toruń. The first site "JAR" is a former land of military manoeuvres in the northern part of the city, where a unit of the Soviet Army had been stationed after the 2nd World War till 1991. The second site "Glinki", situated at the south-western end of the city, was also exploited as a military land. During the 2nd World War, a German prisoner-of-war camp was located here, and after the war some industrial plants were built and allotment gardens were established, whereas part of the area was treated as a wasteland. The history of both areas and the vegetation changes were reconstructed from the series of temporal topographic maps and aerial photos, as well as a high-resolution Ikonos satellite image. The aforementioned source materials were analysed with the technology of Geographical Information Systems, applying the software Arc-GIS ArcView 9.3. For both sites, the range was determined, as well as the number of patches with common heather and the total area of heaths in particular years of land cover and land use mapping. The present state of heaths was defined based on the direct field exploration carried out with the use of GPS navigational devices. It was found that at present 22 heather patches occur at the site JAR, with the total area of11.7328 ha. Within the Glinki district, also 22 heather patches occur with the total area of 3.5701 ha. And thus, these are the largest sites of heaths located within the administrative boundaries of Toruń. Data collected through the field exploration of the site JAR were superimposed on the spatial development plan of the future housing estate. At an intersection of both information layers, fragments of the area were outlined where heaths can be preserved after the construction of a housing estate is completed. Their area is small. In the area of the Glinki district, the rate of expansion of industrial areas was determined for the last several years, as well as future changes in the land use were discussed, which will arise due to a housing estate scheduled for building here. The aforementioned analyses enabled to evaluate the present developmental state of both research areas, as well as to determine the future of low shrub communities, which occur here and which constitute a type of an ecological system listed among the UE protected habitats. The obtained results increase our knowledge on heaths in Toruń, and at the same time - also in Poland and in Europe.

5

Przestrzenne rozmieszczenie wrzosowisk w Zaborskim Parku Krajobrazowym

51%

Kunz M. , Nienartowicz A. , Mizgalska M.

|

tom T. 39

111--118

6

Changes in the plant cover of the dune hill in Folusz near Szubin (NW Poland) between 1959 and 2012: the problem of preservation of xerothermic grasslands in the agricultural landscape

45%

Nienartowicz A. , Kaminski D. , Kunz M. , Deptula M. , Adamska E.

|

tom 20

EN

The dune hill in Folusz is one of the most interesting sites with xerothermic vegetation in the Polish lowland. It is different from other sites by the fact that xerothermic vegetation covers a single dune located amidst large areas of Molinia meadows rather than slopes of river valleys. Vegetation occurring on the hill represents a cold Stipa steppe with rare species of floodplain meadows and has long aroused the interest of botanists. In the 19th century and in the early 20th century, observations in this area were carried out by German botanists (L. Kühling, F. Spribille, H. Miller, W. Bock). In the 1930s, the investigation was continued by botanists from the University in Poznań. After World War II, it was one of the main research sites for botanists and ecologists from the University in Toruń, and recently also from the universities in Bydgoszcz. Floristic lists were compiled by all the aforementioned researchers, which describe the state of flora in the subsequent periods, and when collated in tables, they help to determine the directions of changes occurring in the area over a hundred years. Not all the materials obtained in the past were published. A lot of interesting data were preserved in the Toruń centre in the form of actual vegetation maps and relevés. This paper presents the comparison of vegetation from 1959, plotted on the unpublished vegetation map by J. Wilkoń-Michalska, with the vegetation in 2013. Changes in the land cover were also analysed through a series of aerial photographs from 1961, 1975, 1986 and 2005. The GIS and GPS technology was used in the spatial analysis. Furthermore, the analysis of flora changes was performed, including the comparison of data presented in ecological literature with unpublished data collected by J. Wilkoń-Michalska in 1956-1964. In addition, numerical analysis of relevés from both these periods and from 2012 was performed. The objective of all the analyses was to determine how the changes were affected by spontaneous development of oak trees on the dune and destructive human activity related to exploitation of the sand, afforestation of the dune with pine, birch and oak, and planting of common lilac. An effort was also made to assess the importance of including the Folusz dune hill within the Natura 2000 site − PLH040027 „Molinia meadows in Folusz” − for preventing further degradation of xerothermic vegetation.

7

Zróżnicowanie klimatów lokalnych Torunia – założenia projektu i wstępne wyniki badań

38%

Kunz M. , Uscka-Kowalkowska J. , Przybylak R. , Kejna M. , Araźny A. , Maszewski R.

|

tom T. 10, z. 3

85--94

EN

This paper presents the outline, methodology, and the state of the realization of a research project. Its goal is to study the influence of environmental, dynamic, and anthropogenic factors on meteorological and biometeorological conditions. It is also planned to work out a map of Toruń topoclimates. The research was performed for over a year on the basis of a network of 26 measurement points selected in different places in Toruń and its neighbourhood with automatic registration of basic meteorological elements and thermal imageries from Terra ASTER satellite. The environment geographic information system created in ArcGIS is used for interpolation of individual meteorological elements and for distribution of biometeorological indices. Various spatial data were used such as land cover, land use, localization and height of buildings, digital elevation model (DEM), and present-day colour orthophotomap. Project results relating to the variability of Toruń bioclimatic conditions may be used for organization of tourism and recreation, and the created map of topoclimates for spatial planning and further development of the city.

PL

Praca prezentuje założenia, metodykę oraz stan realizacji projektu naukowo-badawczego, którego celem jest zbadanie wpływu czynników środowiskowych, dynamicznych i antropogenicznych na warunki meteorologiczne i biometeorologiczne wraz z planowanym opracowaniem mapy topoklimatów miasta Torunia. Badania prowadzone są od ponad roku w oparciu o założoną w wybranych miejscach Torunia i okolic sieć 26 punktów pomiarowych z automatyczną rejestracją podstawowych elementów meteorologicznych oraz docelowo satelitarne obrazy termalne pozyskane z satelity Terra ASTER. Zbudowany w środowisku ArcGIS system informacji geograficznej (GIS) wykorzystywany jest do interpolacji rozkładu poszczególnych elementów meteorologicznych oraz rozkładu wskaźników biometeorologicznych. Do tego systemu pozyskano i wprowadzono już wiele danych przestrzennych, jak pokrycie/użytkowanie terenu, lokalizacja i wysokość budynków, model wysokościowy terenu (DEM) oraz aktualną barwną ortofotomapę. Uzyskane w projekcie wyniki dotyczące zmienności warunków bioklimatycznych Torunia będą mogły być wykorzystane w organizacji turystyki i rekreacji, a utworzona mapa topoklimatów w planowaniu przestrzennym i dalszym rozwoju miasta.

8

Modern pollen rain in heathlands and adjacent forest phytocoenoses in Northern and Central Poland

38%

Nienartowicz A. , Filbrandt-Czaja A. , Piernik A. , Jablonski P. , Kunz M. , Deptula M.

|

tom 15

|

nr 1

EN

Differences between modern pollen rains in three types of phytocoenoses were studied in two regions, i.e. Tuchola Forest and Toruń Basin. The phytocoenoses in question were heaths, young pine-birch growths and mature pine tree stands, which form a temporal sequence and spatial mosaic in the landscape. In order to compare the structure of pollen samples, phytocoenoses and the landscape, the methods of numerical taxonomy were applied. An increase in the average number of sporomorphs was recorded, as well as in the taxonomic diversity of the pollen spectrum in this temporal sequence arranged from non-forest communities through young growths to mature forests. In the subsequent developmental stages, also the percentage contribution of Pinus pollen increased, as well as the total contribution of arboreal pollen (AP). The increase in the percentage contribution of arboreal pollen is accompanied by the decrease in the contribution of non-arboreal pollen (NAP), including Calluna and Ericaceae. Also a small increase in the number of species was observed. With the increased pine domination, however, the diversity of pollen types (expressed by rarefaction and Shannon-Wiener indices) decreases. As a result of the performed analyses, it was also found that the species composition of phytocoenoses and a pollen spectrum differs considerably, because the import of pollen from further areas exerts a significant influence on the structure of a palynological sample. The genus Calluna is the only type of plants characterized by a strong relationship between the occurrence in a phytocoenosis and in a surface pollen sample. Similarity between the taxa composition of a pollen spectrum and the landscape structure, consisting of a mosaic of phytocoenoses, seems to be higher than between a pollen sample and a phytocoenosis from which that sample was collected. The latter thesis, however, needs to be confirmed by further researches.