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Wojna jako doświadczenie przemocy bycia w myśli Emmanuela Levinasa

100%

Kozak M.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

2014

tom 42

nr 2

103-116

The article has to do with the issue of war and violence in the thought of Emmanuel Levinas. According to him war is not only a traumatic historical event, but also a peculiar ontological state resulting from the peculiar way of thinking of Europeans. He considers how war is connected with the notions of whole, identity, and objectivity, why history is at fault, and why the only solution is eschatology, which challenges individuals and calls them to responsibility. The relationship between war and morality is at the center of the thought of Levinas. He sensitizes the reader to the fact that war is always a latent possibility, a constant hidden threat, always unexpected. War, as well as violence and force broadly understood, always change the world order, and with it accepted principles, rules, and values. It is an event that seeks to eliminate otherness, that tends to a uniform whole by leveling differences. Pluralism must give way to the totalizing aspirations of war.

Błądzenie w żywiole pracy

100%

Kozak M.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

2017

tom 45

nr 1

100-113

For Rev. Tischner the problem of human labor is a relational problem. Another man is always the addressee of one’s work. Work iteslf should join people to one another. Labor is both a form of communication and of solidarity. It is a form of dialogue and should lead to agreement. Furthermore, work is rooted in time; it is impossible to separate time and labor. Work is that which gives meaning to human life. In his philosophy, Tischner concentrates on the ethical meaning of human labor. It should lead one to truth. Performing work is performing a service, a service for other people. Therefore exploitation is the greatest threat to the true nature of work. We work for one another, for our common wealth.