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2 Journal of Ecological Engineering

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Evaluation of the Interaction Among Microalgae Spirulina sp, Plastics Polyethylene Terephthalate and Polypropylene in Freshwater Environment

100%

Khoironi A. , Anggoro S. , Sudarno

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2019

tom Vol. 20, nr 6

161--173

The annual plastic production in Indonesia has exceeded 4.6 million tons and accumulated in the aquatic system. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and Polypropylene (PP) are the most widely used plastics in manufacture of packaging, fibres, and drinking bottles, etc. The degradation of these plastics to micro sizes leads to environmental threats, especially when the micro plastics interact with fresh water microorganism such as microalgae. Therefore, the study on the interaction between micro plastics and microorganisms is really important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of microplastics on the growth of microalgae Spirulina sp and also to evaluate the contribution of microalgae Spirulina sp to the plastic degradation. The interaction between microalgae and microplastics was evaluated in a 1 L glass bioreactor contained microalgae Spirulina sp and PP and PET microplastics with the size of 1 mm at various concentrations (150 mg/500 mL, 250/500 mL and 275 mg/500 mL) for 112 days. The results showed that the tensile strength of micro plastic PET decreased by 0.9939 MPa/day while PP decreased by 0.1977 MPa/day. The EDX analysis of microplastics showed that the decreasing carbon in PET (48.61%) was higher as compared to PP (36.7%). FTIR analysis of Spirulina sp cells showed that the CO2 evolution of cells imposed by PET microplastic was higher than imposed by PP. The growth rate of Spirulina sp applied by micro plastic was lower than the control and the increase of microplastic concentration significantly reduced the growth rate of algae by 75%. This research concluded that biodegradation has important role in the degradation process of plastic.

The Impact of Single-Use Mask Waste on the Quality of Loamy Soil

75%

Khoironi A. , Manurung L. C. , Baihaqi R. A. , Hartini E. , Aryani L. , Wulandari F. , Hadiyanto H.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2024

tom Vol. 25, nr 5

379--388

The COVID-19 outbreak has significantly raised the amount of single-use mask waste in Indonesia. This research intends to assess the effect of single-use mask waste on the quality of loamy soil. The investigation involved constructing a prototype using a 28–cm high column of 19 cm of loamy soil. The study utilized single-use masks in the soil, in which Chili plants were grown on the soil surface. Clean water was employed for the leaching process over 45 days. Soil samples from control, R1, R2, and R3 reactors were analyzed in the laboratory using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) testing and microplastic identification in groundwater. The research findings reveal a notable decline in macro and micronutrients, namely a 1.22% decrease in silicon minerals caused by microplastics interfering with plant metabolic processes. The increase in microplastics caused higher microorganism mortality, leading to a 10.18% decrease in organic carbon content and a 1.47% reduction in soil porosity. Microplastics were discovered in the loamy soil of an average size of 0.3±1.34 mm. Changes in nutrient concentrations and physical properties of the soil indicate that introducing microplastics into loamy soil through mask waste can alter soil characteristics. Additional research is required to investigate the disposal of single-use mask waste due to the ongoing high utilization of disposable masks as personal safety equipment.