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EN
The nutrient loads from the terrestrial catchments (based on the distribution of soils and their use) were estimated, compared with that deriving from the atmosphere, and analysed from the view point of the present lake water quality (pH, transparency, electrical conductivity, total suspended solids, concentrations of TN, TP, Ca, Mg, K and Na). Five shallow (mean depth 0.9–3.4 m) and small (area <100 ha) lakes were selected in Łęczna-Włodawa Lakeland, a part of Polesie region (Eastern Poland). The contribution of the atmospheric deposition of N and P to the total loads (both from air and the land) varied greatly between the lakes (2– 48% and 1–40%, respectively) while that of other elements did not exceed 16%. The lake catchments differed substantially in the percentage of soil types and their use. The most fertile soils were used as arable fields and the least fertile were afforested. The load of N and P in g m⁻² of a lake surface per year ranged from 2.1 to 55.5 and 0.05–1.33, respectively. Average (May–October) concentrations of TN and TP in the lake waters varied from 0.92 to 1.70 mg dm⁻³ and 27.1–238.9 µg dm⁻³, respectively. There was a strong linear correlation between the percentage of particular soil types, nutrient inputs to the lakes and their concentrations in the lake waters, especially for the TN and TP. In addition, the physical and chemical properties of lake water depended significantly upon ratio between lake surface and cachtment area, as well as on lake morphometry. The eutrophication hazard of the lakes, evaluated according to Vollenweider’s criteria, was the highest for the lakes where the forests and grasslands occurred in the smallest proportions in the catchments, and the contribution of the fertile, cultivated soils was the highest.
EN
The bottom fauna inhabiting two types of ecotones: 1) the transition zone between land and lake water, and 2) the border of a macrophyte bed and open water, situated in different types of littoral, distinguished mainly according to the structure and distribution of macrophytes was studied. The investigations were carried out in five harmonious lakes (from mesotrophic to highly eutrophic) and in one disharmonious (humoeutrophic) in July and September of 1996 and 1997. Both the species composition of zoobenthos and the relative abundance of the most numerous taxa (Tubificidae and larvae of Chironomidae) in ecotones did not seem to depend much on the type of littoral but rather upon the nature of the bottom sediments. The influence of lake fertility in harmonious lakes was clearly expressed mostly in the land-water ecotones where it was demonstrated by the drop of chironomids and increase in tubificids and predators in total faunal abundance with a rise of lake. trophism. The clear pattern in vegetation bed-open water ecotones concerned solely predators which contribution to the total faunal abundance tended to increase with a rise of lake trophic status. The ecotones of the disharmonious lake did not show much differences in comparison with the harmonious lakes except extremely low faunal density in vegetation-open water ecotone, being totally predominated by chironomids. In both harmonious lakes and in disharmonious one the highest faunistic similarities were found within the same types of ecotones, while the two types differed greatly.
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