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The design of digital audio filter system used in tomatis method stimulation

100%

Jóźwiak K. , Bujacz M. , Królak A.

tom Vol. 13, No. 1

73--78

The Tomatis Method is a rehabilitation technique used in psychology, the main aim of which is stimulating the cochlea in the inner ear by filtered air-conducted and bone-conducted sounds. The system of electronic filters and amplifiers used for this therapy is called the Electronic Ear. Commonly, it is a commercial analog device that is expensive and after a few years its functionality declines. In this paper, we propose a digital Electronic Ear system using an STM32F4 family micro-controller and ADC/ DAC integrated circuits. The design of the digital sound filters allows to adjust more parameters and overcomes some of the constraints of analog systems. In this paper, we provide a short review of the Tomatis Method, the main functions of the Electronic Ear and we describe the designed system with comparison measurements to the analog original.

Review of Methodologies in Recent Research of Human Echolocation

88%

Bujacz M. , Sztyler B. , Wileńska N. , Czajkowska K. , Strumiłło P.

tom Vol. 48, No. 2

249--271

The presented review discusses recent research on human echolocation by blind and sighted subjects, aiming to classify and evaluate the methodologies most commonly used when testing active echolocation methods. Most of the reviewed studies compared small groups of both blind and sighted volunteers, although one in four studies used sighted testers only. The most common trial procedure was for volunteers to detect or localize static obstacles, e.g., discs, boards, or walls at distances ranging from a few centimeters to several meters. Other tasks also included comparing or categorizing objects. Few studies utilized walking in real or virtual environments. Most trials were conducted in natural acoustic conditions, as subjects are marginally less likely to correctly echolocate in anechoic or acoustically dampened rooms. Aside from live echolocation tests, other methodologies included the use of binaural recordings, artificial echoes or rendered virtual audio. The sounds most frequently used in the tests were natural sounds such as the palatal mouth click and finger snapping. Several studies have focused on the use of artificially generated sounds, such as noise or synthetic clicks. A promising conclusion from all the reviewed studies is that both blind and sighted persons can efficiently learn echolocation.