Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Państwa narodowe i obecność symboli religijnych w przestrzeni publicznej

100%

Szewczyk R.

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2018

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tom 20

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nr 4

441-450

EN

National states, in search of their national identity, refer to symbols, among which religious symbols occupy one of the main places. For many decades, the presence of religious symbols, which were also national symbols, constituted an important element of upbringing and strengthening the sense of citizenship and belonging to a given state. In recent years new trends have emerged that question the presence of religious symbols as a national or state symbol. Attempts are made to reduce the rank of a religious symbol or its denial from the presence of the nation’s life. However, this sense of national identity, strengthening by the symbols present in the life of the nation, build the state understood as the common good of the whole nation.

2

ISTOTA WPROWADZENIA KARTY LAICKOŚCI SZKOŁY FRANCUSKIEJ

100%

Szewczyk R.

Studia Ełckie

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2016

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tom 18

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nr 2

115- 130

EN

The French Revolution sought to discover the way to view freedom. At the end of the Revolution, they proclaimed the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. In French society, these fruits of the Revolution were con-sidered something sacred. Paradoxically, in a country that did so much to cleanse public life of religious factors, the same state has begun to create a religion of the state. All of the process after the Revolution, in particular, the Law of 1905 regarding the separation between the state and the church, has fortified the idea of secularism in French society. This process of the state was introduced in the schools because they wished to construct a society which was entirely secular which believed in the values of the Republic. They therefore made divisions between the public schools and the private ones. The public schools had a secular and a national character. The substantial difference be-tween the schools was that in the public schools, the teaching of religion as a separate subject was expelled and the religious issues in the teaching curricu-lum was reduced to the minimum. It appeared only as a background in the his-torical issues. Commenting on the Charter of Secularism, I seek to respond to the ques-tion – what happened which caused them to introduce this Charter of Secular-ism in the schools? We find the first response in the actions of the young peo-ple who want to be respected along with having their religious systems respect-ed. Such problems arose when the French introduced the prohibition of reli-gious symbols. However, the prohibitions did not resolve the problem. They therefore invented and introduced the Charter of Secularism of the French School. This is a kind of new way of presenting the idea of secularism to the students. The Charter was implemented as a way of reinforcing the prohibitions which had been previously introduced. It repeats the ideas which have been presented in the schools since the end of the French Revolution. Looking at the Charter, we have the impression that it is simply a repetition of the same phrases – that it is pure theory that has nothing in common with the reality. However, the French Ministry of Education always creates new initiatives which promote the presence of secularism in the schools. Unfortunately how-ever, they do not look at the problems of the young people. They don’t want to understand their identities and especially, their religious identities.

3

ISTOTA I ZNACZENIE DZIAŁALNOŚCI KRAJOWEJ RADY SĄDOWNICTWA

100%

Szewczyk R.

Studia Ełckie

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2016

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tom 18

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nr 3

269 - 284

EN

In the article The nature and the meaning of the activities of National Coun-cil of the Judiciary we find a historic view leading to creating of this institution. The council arises as result of the reconstruction of the system in Poland and becomes a constitutional body which stands on the guard of the independence of courts and independences of judges. We find a description of the organizational structure of the institution. The Council consists of the persons fulfilling highest functions in judicial institutions nominated by the President of Poland and the group of the outstanding judges appointed in the way of the election. The competences of the Council concern the important and delicate matter of the judging. Therefore the first group of the competences of the Council refers to undertaking actions in relation to judges and candidates on judges. The second group of the competences was determined in laws and concerns undertaking of resolutions, investigating of motions and presenting of candidates on other im-portant posts in State-institutions related to the judicial power. The National Council of the Judiciary in the matter of the own organization has the total au-tonomy and through this has an independent position in the political system of the state. This rule expresses herself mainly in exclusive appointing of various internal commissions. Council committees are teams of council members which are her internal organizational units of the auxiliary character, enabling the effec-tive exercise of constitutional and statutory tasks of the Council.

4

Ewolucja pojęcia małżeństwa w prawie europejskim

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Szewczyk R.

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nr 4

567-581

EN

The path to changing the concept of marriage led through a change in the understanding of the family. The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights was intended to cover cases in which national legislation recognizes other possibilities of family formation than marriage. Thus, the entry in the Charter has been shaped in such a way as to avoid a clear response to the new issue of same-sex relationships; that is, it neither permits nor prohibits because of trends based on social movements. This does not affect the institution of marriage itself, but allows the recognition of other forms of family found in the internal regulations of the states as corresponding to marriage.

5

Heat transfer model of a small size satellite on geostationary orbit

51%

Preumont P. , Szewczyk R. , Wittels P. , Czubaczyński F.

Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems

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2019

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tom Vol. 13, No. 3

14--26

EN

The purpose of the study is to compute an approached satellite thermal model to be able to estimate the heat transfer and the maximum temperature through the harmonic gear for small size geostationary satellite. We use finite element method using known data with Nastran In-CAD FEM software. The presented results show temperature gradients compatible with experimental information. Though the results are not correlated with dedicated tests, they seems to be in line with what can be found in literature. The paper use these information in dedicated analysis related to impact of temperature gradient in precision mechanism. The second purpose of the study is to show that simplified tools and methods allows to reach results sufficient for preliminary analysis. The space business is changing fast with growing private companies that are challenging conservative space standards. A simplified analysis allowing to reduce cost and increase competitiveness is presented.

6

The model of mechanical stress dependence of 2D magnetic permeability of grain-oriented electrical steel sheets adaptable for finite element-based modeling

51%

Rękas P. , Szewczyk R. , Szumiata T. , Nowicki M.

Archives of Electrical Engineering

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2024

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tom Vol. 73, nr 4

1123 --1135

EN

The paper presents the model of stress dependence of 2D relative magnetic permeability of anisotropic, grain-oriented M120-27s electrical steel suitable for finite element method modeling. The proposed model was developed based on experimental results acquired using the measuring setup with a testing yoke equipped with a Cardan gyroscopic mechanism and hydraulic press. In the presented model, parameters of the tensor description of 2D relative magnetic permeability were chosen during the feature selection process and identified during differential evolution optimization. The good quality of the proposed model was quantitatively confirmed by the R-squared coefficient, which exceeds 0.997 for all plots of the 2D relative magnetic permeability tensor.

7

Model doskonalenia procesu produkcji w przedsiębiorstwie branży biomedycznej

51%

Dębowski M. , Szewczyk R. , Gudanowska A.

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2019

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tom R. 23, nr 1

43--46

PL

W artykule przedstawiono nową koncepcję modelu doskonalenia jakości w przedsiębiorstwie produkcyjnym branży biomedycznej. Zaproponowane rozwiązanie uwzględnia zarówno specyficzne wymagania branży biomedycznej, jak również integrację procesu doskonalenia jakości z rozwiązaniami zarządzania zautomatyzowanymi systemami produkcji. Zaproponowany system doskonalenia jakości obejmuje ponadto oryginalną metodę monitorowania odpadów z produkcji oraz elementów wadliwych (czerwone oko), która nie tylko zapewnia poprawę efektywności produkcji, ale również ułatwia działania pro-ekologiczne i umożliwia zmniejszenie obciążenia środowiska. Zaproponowany model został zweryfikowany w zakładzie produkującym soczewki wewnątrzgałkowe, prowadząc do wzrostu produktywności o ponad 20%.

EN

Paper presents the new concept of quality improvement model for biomedical production plant. Proposed solutions take into consideration both specific requirements of biomedical production as well as integration of quality assessment process with automated production control systems. Moreover, proposed quality improvement model covers original method of production waste monitoring (red eye method), which provide not only increase of production efficiency but also opens new possibilities of ecology-oriented actions. Proposed model was tested in intraocular lenses production process leading to the increase of productiveness exceeding 20%.

8

Sensitivity Limits and Functional Characteristics of Fluxgate Sensors with Rod-Shaped Magnetic Cores

51%

Kopala D. , Ostaszewska-Liżewska A. , Szewczyk R.

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tom R. 26, nr 2

29--33

EN

Highly sensitive fluxgate magnetic field sensors with rod-shaped cores are widely used for non-destructive testing as well as for industrial applications. However, in case of both Foerster and Vacquier (two-core sensors configurations), fluxgate sensors sensitivity is directly connected with the relative magnetic permeability of the sensor’s core. It should be highlighted that the magnetic permeability of rod-shaped magnetic cores is driven mainly by the demagnetization factor determined by its slenderness (aspect ratio). The paper presents the analyses of sensitivity limits of fluxgate sensors with rod-shaped cores. On the base of estimations of demagnetization factor specific for fluxgate sensors, it is shown that in case of rod-shaped cores, the sensor’s sensitivity is connected with the shape of the core rather than its relative magnetic permeability. This conclusion is essential during the development and optimization of functional characteristics of fluxgate sensors.

PL

Bardzo czułe sensory pola magnetycznego typu fluxgate z rdzeniami w kształcie prętów są szeroko stosowane w badaniach nieniszczących, jak również w zastosowaniach przemysłowych. Jednak zarówno w przypadku czujnika w konfiguracji Foerster’a, jak i Vacquier’a (obie konfiguracje dotyczą sensorów dwurdzeniowych) ich czułość jest bezpośrednio związana ze względną przenikalnością magnetyczną rdzeni. Należy podkreślić, że o przenikalności magnetycznej prętowych rdzeni magnetycznych decyduje przede wszystkim współczynnik rozmagnesowania określony przez jego smukłość (proporcje). W artykule przedstawiono analizę granic czułości sensorów typu fluxgate z rdzeniami prętowymi. Na podstawie oszacowań współczynnika rozmagnesowania charakterystycznego dla czujników typu fluxgate wykazano, że w przypadku rdzeni prętowych czułość sensora związana jest raczej z kształtem rdzenia niż z jego względną przenikalnością magnetyczną. Wniosek ten jest szczególnie ważny podczas opracowywania i optymalizacji charakterystyk funkcjonalnych czujników fluxgate.

9

The Measurement Method of a Piston Fall Rate

51%

Brzozowski A. , Szewczyk R. , Gazda P. , Nowicki M.

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tom R. 27, nr 4

65--69

EN

The accurate determination of the piston fall rate is one of critical parameters in dead-weight testers and piston gauges, as it confirms a quality of machining, instrument accuracy class, and long-term stability. This study introduces a method for determining piston fall rate using two triangulating laser distance sensors. This approach offers versatile applicability, in high-precision standards as well as in regular-class instruments, and is robust in accommodating variations in measurement ranges, pressure transmitting mediums, materials of weights, and weight diameters. The method utilizes two laser sensors symmetrically positioned under the primary weight of the piston pressure gauge, allowing for seamless measurements without the need for sensor adjustments. The data collected from these sensors are processed to calculate the average displacement of the primary weight. The method’s effectiveness is demonstrated with high linearity and precision in determining the piston weight fall rate. This approach can lead to improvements in fluid dynamics analysis and metrology of precise pressure balances. The method’s advantages include error mitigation and reduced operator intervention, making it highly suitable for applications requiring accurate piston descent velocity measurements, particularly in older measuring instruments. The establishment of a reference dataset can enhance the accuracy of periodic examinations of piston-cylinder assemblies, thereby reducing costs and improving measurement quality.

PL

Prędkość opadania tłoka stanowi jeden z kluczowych parametrów w zespołach pomiarowych ciśnieniomierzy obciążnikowo-tłokowych, ponieważ świadczy o jakości wykonania, klasie dokładności urządzenia oraz rzutuje na stabilność długoterminową. Niniejsza praca przedstawia metodę określania prędkości opadania tłoka za pomocą dwóch triangulacyjnych laserowych czujników przemieszczenia. To podejście cechuje wszechstronna przydatność, zarówno we wzorcach o najwyższej precyzji, jak i w przyrządach roboczych, jak również jest uniwersalne bez względu na zakresy pomiarowe, rodzaje mediów przekazujących ciśnienie, materiały obciążników i ich wymiary. Metoda ta wykorzystuje dwa czujniki laserowe, umieszczone symetrycznie pod obciążnikiem podstawowym ciśnieniomierza, co pozwala na pomiary bez konieczności regulacji ustawienia czujników. Dane zbierane przez te czujniki są przetwarzane w celu obliczenia średniego przesunięcia obciążnika podstawowego, a co za tym idzie tłoka. Skuteczność metody jest potwierdzona wysoką liniowością i precyzją w określaniu prędkości opadania tłoka. Zaletami metody są eliminacja błędów oraz ograniczenie ingerencji operatora, co sprawia, że jest ona szczególnie odpowiednia do zastosowań wymagających dokładnych pomiarów prędkości opadania tłoka, zwłaszcza przy starszych przyrządach pomiarowych.

10

Pomiar parametrów filtrów elektronicznych typu MEMS z automatycznym wyznaczaniem niepewności

51%

Wasilewska N. , Nowak P. , Szewczyk R.

Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka

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2022

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tom R. 26, nr 3

43--48

PL

Stosowane w praktyce filtry elektroniczne typu MEMS wymagają eksperymentalnego badania charakterystyk amplitudowych i fazowych. Wymaga to opracowania metody pomiarowej, która nie tylko zapewni pomiar charakterystyk, lecz umożliwi równoczesne oszacowanie niepewności tego pomiaru. Opisany sterowany komputerowo system pomiarowy umożliwia pomiary charakterystyk filtrów z zachowaniem spójności pomiarowej przy uwzględnieniu w pełni zautomatyzowanego procesu szacowania niepewności pomiaru. Testy przeprowadzone w trakcie badania charakterystyki przykładowego filtru magnetostrykcyjnego potwierdziły zarówno poprawność zaproponowanego rozwiązania, jak i jego możliwość zastosowania w praktyce.

EN

MEMS type electronic filters used in practice require experimental testing of amplitude and phase characteristics. This requires the development of a measurement method that will not only measure the characteristics, but also allow for the simultaneous estimation of the measurement uncertainty. The computer-controlled measuring system described in the article enables the measurement of filter characteristics while maintaining measurement traceability, taking into account the fully automated process of estimating the measurement uncertainty. The tests carried out during the study of the characteristics of the exemplary magnetostrictive filter confirmed both the correctness of the proposed solution and its applicability in practice.