Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Macrophytes in the assessment of river ecological condition on the example of Pszczynka River (Silesian Upland)

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Sierka E. , Tomczak A.

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nr 3

14-20

EN

The Water Framework Directive introduced an ecological approach to the assessment and classification of waters. The part of the assessmentare macrophyte - based methods used in the evaluation of the ecologicalcondition of rivers in respect of biodiversity. The Macrophyte Method for River Assessment has been used in Poland since 2007 and provides us with an information about ecological state of the rivers. Presented analyses were aimed to describe macrophyte development in the sandylowland type of river in the Silesian Upland. The assessment was made for lowland Pszczynka River (45.8 km total length, total catchment area 368.3 km2), which is a left-bank tributary of Vistula River. At the selected 10 research sections of the river (100 m each) the composition of macrophytes and abiotic conditions of the river were described. The paper presents the results of preliminary assessment of ecological condition of Pszczynka River on the background sources of substances discharged to the riveralongits course. Macrophyte Index for Rivers (MIR) was calculated based on the results of the research - river bed surface coverage by the particular plant species. The MIR limit values were used to determine the class of water quality in the examined river. Overall, the ecological status of Pszczynka River was rated as moderate and its water classified as Class III of water quality.

2

Participation ofCalamagrostis epigejos(L.) Roth in plant communities of the River Bytomka valley in terms of its biomass use in the power industry

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Sierka E. , Kopczyńska S.

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nr 2

38-44

EN

This paper presents an attempt to assess the potential use of Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth. as a renewable energy source. Abandonment of human management is often followed by a decrease in species richness in semi-natural grasslands, mainly due to the increased dominance of clonal grasses such as Calamagrostis epigejos which were formerly repressed by management. The biomass resource of this, and its accompanying, species, i.e. species of the Solidago genus and others e.g. Cirsium rivulare, Deschampsia caespitosa, Molinia coerulea and Filipendula ulmaria, was evaluated in the green wastelands of the River Bytomka valley (Upper Silesia, Poland). It was found that approx. 1.2 t·ha−1 of dry matter can be obtained from approx. 30% of the average share of Calamagrostis epigejos in plant communities of unmown meadows. This is 10 times less than in the case of Miscanthus giganteus, a non-native cultivated grass. An increase in the biomass component of Calamagrostis epigejos reduced that of Solidago sp. (−0.522176, p< 0.05) and other species (−0.465806, p< 0.05). The calorific value of Calamagrostis epigejos biomass is approx. 15.91 MJ·kg−1, which is comparable to the calorific value of coal and close to, inter alia, that of Miscanthus sacchariflorus (19 MJ·kg−1) as an energy crop. The presented research is in its preliminary stages and therefore, it is necessary to investigate the reaction of Calamagrostis epigejos to regular mowing and to removal of the biomass from the studied areas.

3

Using Plants of Novel Ecosystems as Resources to Create Green Roofs in Cities' Adaptation to the Climate Change Process

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Biela M. , Sierka E.

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nr 4

53-61

PL

Streszczenie: Wykorzystanie lokalnych zasobów dzikich roślin do tworzenia zielonych dachów na obszarach miejskich to zrównoważone rozwiązanie, które wspiera strategie adaptacyjne miast do zmian klimatycznych. Tworzenie ekstensywnych dachów zielonych, zgodnie z koncepcją rozwiązań opartych na przyrodzie (NBS), wspiera minimalizację skutków zmian klimatycznych, utraty różnorodności biologicznej i zdrowia człowieka. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja, na podstawie analizy opublikowanych wyników badań, głównych kryteriów wyboru roślinności wprowadzanej na zielone dachy oraz roli zielonych dachów w minimalizowaniu skutków zmian klimatu w kontekście NBS. Dane zebrano analizując wyniki badań opublikowanych w ciągu ostatnich 10 lat, skupiających się na selekcji roślin. Stwierdzono, że dobór gatunków najczęściej nie uwzględnia cech funkcjonalnych roślin. Potencjał dzikich roślin na obszarach miejsko-przemysłowych w zakresie tworzenia zielonej infrastruktury i optymalizacji usług ekosystemowych pozostaje w dużej mierze nierozpoznany. Jednakże niektóre rośliny o pożądanych cechach funkcjonalnych, pochodzące np. z siedlisk, takich jak hałdy odpadów powydobywczych węgla kamiennego, są obiecujące w zapewnianiu funkcjonalnego wsparcia ekosystemów miejskich w minimalizowaniu skutków zmian klimatu.

EN

Using local wild plant resources to create green roofs in urban areas is a sustainable solution that supports cities' adaptation strategies to climate change. Creating extensive green roofs, in accordance with the Nature-Based Solutions concept, supports minimizing the effects of climate change, loss of biodiversity and human health. The aim of this paper is to identify, based on an analysis of published research results, the main criteria for selecting vegetation introduced to green roofs and the role of green roofs in minimizing the effects of climate change in the context of NBS. The data were collected by analyzing the results of studies published in the last 10 years, focusing on plant selection. It was found that species selection often fails to consider plant functional traits. The potential of wild plants in urban-industrial areas for creating green infrastructure and optimizing ecosystem services remains largely unrecognized. However, certain plants with desirable functional traits, originating e.g. from habitats such as post-industrial coal mining waste heaps, show promise in providing functional support to urban ecosystems in minimizing the effects of climate change.