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Predicting potential zones of hydrocarbon through seismic stratigraphy within the Western Barents Sea, Norway

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Mughal M. R. , Iqbal M. F. , Mahmood I. , Butt F. M. , Ullah K.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

2017

tom 62

Stratigraphic play based exploration approach facilitates the development of reservoir prediction models and prospect generation. The present study is carried out along the southern margin of the Loppa High within Hammerfest Basin, Barents Sea, Norway in order to identify the reservoir quality sand in Early Cretaceous age formations along the slope of the high. In this study 2D seismic lines; in which 8 lines are dip and 1 line is strike, and well logs data are interpreted. Outcome is a low-risk exploration technique that is capable of correctly predicting reservoir zones. The stratigraphic trap is identified in the Knurr and Kolje Formations of Adventdalen group, which act as source and seal rock for reservoir respectively. Three stratigraphic surfaces including base of Knurr Formation (sequence boundary), top of Knurr Formation, and Kolje Formation (maximum flooding surface) make a perfect trap for hydrocarbon accumulation. By utilizing the common risk segment analyses, it was identified that the maximum chances of hydrocarbon accumulation are in reservoir zone A and B which lies in up-dip direction.

Comparison of aerosol optical depth products from multi-satellites over densely populated cities of Pakistan

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Butt F. M. , Shahzad M. I. , Khalid S. , Iqbal N. , Rasheed A. , Raza G.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

2018

tom 69

Air pollution in Pakistan is causing damage to health, environment and quality of life. Air pollution in Pakistan is not effectively monitored due to heavy cost involved in setting up ground stations. However, Satellite remote sensing can effectively monitor the air pollution in terms of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) at regional as well as global level. However, algorithms used to derive AOD from different sensors have some inherited differences which can pose challenges in monitoring regional AOD at high temporal resolution using more than one sensor. Therefore, this study focuses on comparison of four major satellite based AOD products namely Moderate Resolution Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MODIS), Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), Ozone Monitoring Instrument multiwavelength (OMI) aerosol product and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) with the ground based AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) AOD which is only available from Lahore and Karachi in Pakistan. The correlation of various AOD products with AERONET AOD is estimated statistically through coefficient of determination (R²), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), slope and intercept. It is noticed that MODIS is relatively accurate and reliable for monitoring air quality on operational bases over the land cover area of Lahore (R² = 0.78; RMSE = 0.18), whereas MISR over the coastal areas of Karachi (R² = 0.82; RMSE = 0.20). The results of the study will help the stakeholders in planning additional ground stations for operational monitoring of air quality at regional level.