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Od Valerie do Fausta i Wolnego strzelca: kilka uwag o intertekstualnej strategii I części Dziadów

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Fiećko J.

Przestrzenie Teorii

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2018

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nr 30

EN

The author analyses intertextual relations in the first and final section of part of “Forefathers’ Eve” (Dziady), and treats them as an element of Mickiewicz’s strategy of anchoring his own work in the system of dialogue with renowned Western cultural works of the time. This dialogue takes the form of a polemic against the sentimental French models akin to de Krüdener’s “Valerie” and the Sturm und Drang movement, which was open to issues of characterisation and early German romanticism. In the first part of the book, which focuses on an analysis of the Maiden’s monologue, the author discerns a mechanism of references to Barbara Julianna de Krüdener’s novel “Valerie” and “The Sorrows of Young Werther”, with which the baroness engaged in an open dispute. The second part focuses on the character of Gustaw and his conversation with the Black Hunter, with an analysis of likely connections with the Weber/Kind’s opera “The Marksman” and the plays of Goethe and Klingemann with the same main title “Faust

PL

The author analyses intertextual relations in the first and final section of part of “Forefathers’ Eve” (Dziady), and treats them as an element of Mickiewicz’s strategy of anchoring his own work in the system of dialogue with renowned Western cultural works of the time. This dialogue takes the form of a polemic against the sentimental French models akin to de Krüdener’s “Valerie” and the Sturm und Drang movement, which was open to issues of characterisation and early German romanticism. In the first part of the book, which focuses on an analysis of the Maiden’s monologue, the author discerns a mechanism of references to Barbara Julianna de Krüdener’s novel “Valerie” and “The Sorrows of Young Werther”, with which the baroness engaged in an open dispute. The second part focuses on the character of Gustaw and his conversation with the Black Hunter, with an analysis of likely connections with the Weber/Kind’s opera “The Marksman” and the plays of Goethe and Klingemann with the same main title “Faust”.

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Historycy piszą o współczesności. Rok niebezpiecznego zwrotu (2010) w ujęciu Georges’a Minka i Timothy’ego Snydera

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Fiećko J.

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

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2019

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nr 17

351-363

EN

The author analyses the ways of depicting contemporary times in two monographs written by renown scholars: La Pologne au coeur de l’Europe. De 1914 à aujourd’hui, histoire politique et conflits de mémoire (Poland at the heart of Europe. From 1914 to the present day. Political history and conflicts of memory) and The Road to Unfreedom. Russia, Europe, America by Timothy Snyder. A particularly important date here is 2010, the year of the Smolensk air disaster, which in Poland gave rise to many false myths and manipulations of facts (described by both authors). Snyder chooses this year as a symbolic turning point within the global process of shifting from the mindset of “inevitability” towards the mindset of “eternity”. The second main characteristic of this way of thinking and acting is that truth and facts are replaced in the public discourse with fake news, fabrications, creating social divisions and stirring hostile emotions.

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„Niebo trzecie” księdza Piotra. Szkic komparatystyczny

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Fiećko J.

Przestrzenie Teorii

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2020

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nr 33

127-148

EN

The author analyses the function of the “Third Heaven” motif, which appears at the end of the fifth scene in Mickiewicz’s drama, Forefathers’ Eve Part III - this is where the Angels decide to take the soul of the sleeping priest Peter, one of the main characters in this work, for a short time. The author questions the inspiration that the poet might have drawn from St. Paul’s 2nd Letter to the Corinthians and from the writings of theosophers such as Jakob Boehme (especially Aurora or Rising at Dawn) and Emanuel Swedenborg (his treatise on Heaven and Hell), in which the theme of a “Third Heaven” played an important role. Research has already drawn attention to these relationships. Making a conditional, historically probable assumption that the influence of these works has had a significant impact on the formation of the supernatural world in Mickiewicz’s drama, the author considers the semantic-ideological consequences that would result from placing a monk’s soul in the “Third Heaven” in St. Paul’s, Boehme’s and Swedenborg’s versions, respectively. In conclusion, the author formulates the thesis that greatest number of arguments can be advanced in favour of a connection with Swedenborg’s concept, although this does not settle the matter definitively.

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Pierwsza księga o poznańskim Czerwcu. Źródła legendy

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Fiećko J.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka

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2016

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nr 29

211-226

EN

The author describes the origin of the first remembrance book devoted to Poznań 1956 protests, edited by Jarosław Maciejewski and Zofia Trojanowiczowa, professors of Polish at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, and published during the “Solidarity carnival” of 1981. The essay describes attempts by those in power to stall the initiative, presents and comments on the content of the book, which was regarded by many readers as the “book of the year”. The essay also makes a number of statements on the reasons for the book’s success and its instantly legendary status.

5

„Historie przyszłości” Mickiewicza i kwestia dystopii

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Fiećko J.

Prace Filologiczne. Literaturoznawstwo

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2014

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nr 4(7)

333-344

EN

The author aims to identify elements of dystopia in three unfinished manuscripts by Mickiewicz which were published in one volume entitled A History of the Future. The article first examines the terminological difficulties associated with differentiating between the notions of “anti-utopia” and “dystopia”. It then proceeds to discuss aprose work by Mickiewicz which exists only in the form of a summary written by Antoni Edward Odyniec, a friend of the poet. The analysis of Odyniec’s depiction leads to a conclusion that Mickiewicz was writing an innovative work according to the poetics of science fiction, a genre largely unknown at the time, a work which would predict the directions of Europe’s development in the areas of ethics, politics, civilization and technology. It is impossible, however, to determine the potential significance of dystopian factors in that work. The largest number of dystopian features was found in the second fragment of A History of the Future which describes the final stage of aPan-European revolution against monarchal order. The last fragment of A History of the Future, which predicts the course of a political coup in France, is connected in the present article not so much with the poetics of dystopia as with the genre of “political fiction”.

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Mickiewicz ukryty za Słowackim? Nota o trój-antagonizmie wieszczów w Psalmie żalu Krasińskiego

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Fiećko J.

Prace Filologiczne. Literaturoznawstwo

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2020

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nr 10 (13)

191-211

EN

The author, describing ideological polemics conducted between three most important Polish Romantic poets, modifies the notion of the “antagonism between the bards” (typically reserved for the dispute between Słowacki and Mickiewicz) by proposing the concept of “tri-antagonism”. The matter is explained on the example of an analysis of conceptual senses (political, religious, historiosophical) inscribed in “Psalm żalu” [“Psalm of Sorrow”], a work by Krasiński from the period of the Spring of Nations (1848), which was commonly and rightly interpreted as Krasiński’s (an opponent of revolution) last word in a dispute with Słowacki (who proclaimed the idea of the “Spirit − the Eternal Revolutionary”). The author puts forward a thesis that Mickiewicz − with whom Krasiński led a dramatic dispute in Rome in 1848 over the Spring of Nations and the direction of the actions of the Polish community − is also the hidden negative hero of the work. Krasiński referred to this dispute in detail and in a very subjective way in letters to people close to him (including his lover, Delfina Potocka, and the philosopher August Cieszkowski). The author of this article shows that the arguments used by Krasiński in his polemic have been repeated in the “Psalm of Sorrow” and that in the negative portrait of the revolutionary “we” he included the features and thoughts attributed in those letters to Mickiewicz. Thus, the author argues, the dispute between Mickiewicz and Krasiński in 1848 should be regarded as a key element in the genesis of the analysed work.

PL

Autor, opisując polemiki ideowe prowadzone przez trzech najważniejszych polskich poetów romantycznych, modyfikuje pojęcie „antagonizmu wieszczów” (zarezerwowane zasadniczo dla sporu Słowackiego z Mickiewiczem), proponując koncepcję „trój-antagonizmu”. Rzecz objaśniona jest na przykładzie analizy sensów myślowych (polityczno-religijno-historiozoficznych) wpisanych w Psalm żalu, utwór Krasińskiego z okresu Wiosny Ludów (1848), który powszechnie i słusznie interpretowano jako ostatnie słowo Krasińskiego (przeciwnika rewolucji) w sporze ze Słowackim (głoszącym ideę „Ducha − Wiecznego rewolucjonisty”). Autor stawia tezę, że ukrytym bohaterem negatywnym utworu jest także Mickiewicz, z którym Krasiński wiódł w Rzymie w 1848 roku dramatyczny spór o Wiosnę Ludów i kierunek działania polskiej wspólnoty. Spór ten Krasiński referował szczegółowo i w sposób bardzo subiektywny w listach do bliskich mu osób (m.in. kochanki Delfiny Potockiej i filozofa Augusta Cieszkowskiego). Autor dowodzi, że argumenty użyte przez Krasińskiego w tej polemice powtórzone zostały w Psalmie żalu oraz że w negatywny portret rewolucyjnego „my” włączył cechy i myśli przypisane w tychże listach Mickiewiczowi. Tym samym, dowodzi autor, spór Mickiewicza i Krasińskiego z 1848 roku uznać należy za kluczowy element genezy tego utworu.

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Ogród Wallenroda i tajemnica Wajdeloty

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Fiećko J.

Prace Filologiczne. Literaturoznawstwo

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2011

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nr 1(4)

219-232

EN

In his article Wallenrod’s Garden and the Mystery of Wajdelota the author analyses the role of the motif of garden in Adam Mickiewicz’s epic poem Konrad Wallenrod. The conventionality of the use of the term ‘garden’ is emphasized by pointing to the fact that there were some changes introduced to the order of the valley near the Neman River, which were conducive to his amorous meetings with his Ladylove. The manner in which the picture of ‘the garden’ is outlined in the poem is confronted by the author with the classical and romantic gardening styles. It is stressed that the poet distances himself from the two schools, which results from, among other things, the emphasis on the beauty of the valley, a garden created by Nature herself. The motif of the garden played an important role in Konrad’s last conversation with Aldona, when the main hero of the poem tried in vain to persuade his wife to escape to Lithuania. He tempted her with a mirage of regained happiness, appealed to their mutual memories, in which this old and still existing garden, a witness of their love, occupied the central place. While analyzing the strategy of insistence used by Wallenrod in this situation, the author of the article referred to the conception of memory proposed by a German researcher, Jan Assmann. In the last part of the essay the character of the relationship between Wallenrod and Halban is considered along with the attempt to unravel the mystery hidden in the words “my son!”, which the old Lithuanian bard, the patron of Konrad’s spy mission, used in their last conversation.

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Norwid według Krasińskiego, czyli zawód nieproszonego wychowawcy

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Fiećko J.

Porównania

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2022

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tom 31

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nr 1

435-463

EN

The author presents the development of the relationship between Zygmunt Krasiński and Cyprian Norwid, with commenting and focusing on the former writer’s point of view, expressed in letters to a number of addressees. The author points to the reasons for Krasiński’s disappointment after his attempts to position himself as Norwid’s literary mentor and spiritual guide. Krasiński exerted pressure on his younger friend to change his style, accusing him of too much ambiguity and "darkness of words", which made it difficult to understand the ideas behind the poet's ambitious works. Norwid rejected this criticism and defended the right to individualise his style and language, assuming that literature must force the reader to make an individual effort and actively interpret a work of art. The author claims that the dispute revealed fundamental differences in the approach to the rules of creation: while Krasiński referred to the idea of a poet-bard and poet-guide, popular among the first generation of Romantics, Norwid went beyond the Romantic standard.

PL

Autor przedstawia rozwój relacji między Zygmuntem Krasińskim i Cyprianem Norwidem, eksponując i komentując przede wszystkim punkt widzenia pierwszego z tych pisarzy, wyrażany w listach do wielu adresatów. Wskazuje na przyczyny rozczarowania Krasińskiego, który próbował zająć w stosunku do Norwida postawę mentora literackiego i duchowego przewodnika. Autor Irydiona wywierał presję na rzecz zmiany stylu u młodszego przyjaciela, zarzucał mu nadmiar wieloznaczności, „ciemność mowy”, która utrudnia zrozumienie sensu myślowego ambitnych dzieł poetyckich. Norwid tę krytykę odrzucił, bronił prawa do indywidualizacji stylu i języka, przyjmował założenie, że literatura musi zmuszać czytelnika do wysiłku indywidualnego i czynnego odbioru dzieła sztuki. Autor stawia tezę, iż w sporze tym ujawniły się fundamentalne różnice w podejściu do reguł tworzenia, Krasiński odwoływał się bowiem do idei poety-wieszcza i przewodnika, charakterystycznej dla pierwszej generacji romantyków, natomiast Norwid wykraczał poza romantyczny standard.

9

Hetman Żółkiewski i rok 1610 w tradycji romantycznej

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Fiećko J.

Slavia Occidentalis

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2015

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nr 72/2

137-155

PL

The author looks into the reasons behind the infrequent mention of Hetman Żółkiewski and the Polish victory over Russia in 1610. To this end he analyses Russian (e.g. by Pushkin) and Polish texts (e.g. by Niemcewicz, Lelewel, Krasiński, Mickiewicz) which contain references to the so-called period of Great Sorrow. It is interesting to note that, compared to the strong presence of the Polish-Russian War of 1605–1612 in the Russian culture, Polish Romantics made scant references to these events. The explanation for this state of affairs seems to be the historiosophical strategy adopted by the Polish Romantics which required that one’s own country’s military achievements be ignored or made less relevant. The author also reconstructs the evolution of attitudes toward Hetman Żółkiewski in the Polish historical and literary tradition from the 17th to the 20th century.

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Literatura jako spotkanie z człowiekiem. Profesora Jacka Brzozowskiego wspominają Jego przyjaciele i współpracownicy z łódzkiej polonistyki

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Głowiński M. , Ledóchowicz E. , Kowalczykowa A. , Przychodniak Z. , Mazan B. , Siwiec M. , Popłonikowska N. , Grabowski M. , Fiećko J.

Czytanie Literatury. Łódzkie Studia Literaturoznawcze

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2017

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nr 6

23-95

EN

Texts and bibliographical materials included in this section, present the figure and scientific achievements of prof. dr hab. Jacek Brzozowski, an outstanding literary scholar and editor of the polish language studies in Lodz, who died on June 18, 2017.

PL

Teksty i materiały bibliograficzne, zamieszczone w tym dziale, prezentują sylwetkę i dorobek naukowy prof. dr hab. Jacka Brzozowskiego, wybitnego literaturoznawcy i edytora z łódzkiej polonistyki, zmarłego 18 czerwca 2017 roku.