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2 Acta Chiropterologica

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Male resource defence behaviour strengthens harem size in promiscuously mating fruit bats

100%

Paramanantha Swami D. D. , Nagarajan-Radha V.

Acta Chiropterologica

2017

tom 19

nr 2

Mating success in group forming animals largely depend on the ability of same-sex competitors (usually males) to monopolize local resources that are spatially limited and are of importance to their sexual partners. Across taxa, this resource defence behaviour (RDB) is predicted to maximize male reproductive success. Although RDB is widely observed in polygynous societies, its significance as an alternative male mating strategy among randomly mating individuals (i.e., promiscuous) is a less explored topic in ethology, especially within Chiroptera. In this study, we elucidate the relationship between RDB (measured here as male tent defence behaviour) and the harem size associated with adult males of Cynopterus sphinx. From 12 independent resident male removal experiments, we found that inter-male aggressive combats often exclusively occur while defending foliage tents in mating seasons. Further, our harem census data of usurper males (during usurpation) and resident males (post release), suggests a significant bias among females to preferentially roost with the resident males. This preferential association between harem females and the resident males that almost always recovers the foliage tent from the usurpers, suggests that C. sphinx harem males use RDB as an alternative mating strategy to monopolize roosting resources and maintain large harems. However, further research is required to identify the direct effects of RDB on individual male reproductive success.

Daily and seasonal variation in non-acoustic communicative behaviors of male greater short-nosed fruit bats (Cynopterus sphinx)

80%

Doss D. P. S. , Nagarajan-Radha V. , Kandula S.

Acta Chiropterologica

2016

tom 18

nr 1

Monthly observations were made at a natural roosting site of Cynopterus sphinx, with a view to the behavior of males being observed over a period of one year. Here, we report seasonal, daily and inter-individual variation in three communicative behaviors engaged in by male bats. The frequency of male behaviors identified as scent-marking, vigorous wing-flapping and the making of an openwing gesture were found to vary seasonally, depending on the reproductive status of conspecific females in the study colony. The duration of scent-marking was markedly high during mating seasons, in comparison with wing-flapping and wing-gesturing. In mating seasons, the pattern to the daily variation in behavior correlated strongly with the gender of the responder present in the diurnal roost and/or colony. For instance, scent-marking and vigorous wing-flapping were more frequent during late-evening and early-morning hours, mostly when females were absent from the day roost, while male-male encounters were possible. In contrast, wing-gesturing was more frequent during morning and early-evening hours, when females were present in the day roost. The results from our study suggest that male scent-marking and wing-flapping are directed towards competitor males in the colony, with a view to resource-defense behavior being manifested. Furthermore, male wing-gesturing is predicted to be directed towards co-roosting females, with the aim in this case being for some form of social information to be communicated, particularly during the mating season. However, marginal inter-individual variation in the frequency of occurrence of behaviors between seasons was apparent, suggesting that these communicative behaviors could be tied to male-male competition in this species.