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Content available remote Poznańscy historycy prawa i Instytut Zachodni
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EN
During the interwar period an autonomous scientific school of historians of law was created in Poznań by scholars grouped around Zygmunt Wojciechowski and the milieu of the initiators of the Polish Western thought. Its research traditions were continued after 1945 at Poznań University and in the intense activity of the Institute for Western Affairs. The Poznań historians of law took active part in research on the German Nazi occupation of Poland during the Second World War and in studies of the Regained Territories (in the aspect of their historical heritage and current political-economic issues). In the second half of the 1940s the Institute for Western Affairs was one of the most important Polish research centres. In the Stalinist period the scientific milieu of the Institute was subjected to numerous restrictions in terms of finances and censorship, and even to certain political repressions. Nevertheless, Zygmunt Wojciechowski continued to fulfill his leading role at the Institute to the end of his life. The article discusses the basic directions of research undertaken by the historians of law within the framework of activity of the Institute for Western Affairs.
PL
Fenomen dwudziestowiecznych państw totalitarnych i autorytarnych stanowi istotne zagadnienie badawcze w zachodnich naukach historycznych, politycznych, fi lozofi cznych i prawnych. Już od 1917 r. analizowano zagrożenia płynące dla cywilizacji zachodniej ze strony nihilistycznego bolszewizmu sowieckiego. W przedwojennej Europie istotnym problemem okazał się szybko wzrost tendencji autorytarnych i faszystowskich (Włochy, Europa Środkowo-Wschodnia, Hiszpania). Nową jakość stanowiła III Rzesza A. Hitlera, zaliczana do dyktatur o charakterze otwarcie totalitarnym. Badania nad bolszewizmem, faszyzmem i nazizmem były prowadzone w przedwojennym świecie zachodnim przede wszystkim przez emigrantów wschodnioeuropejskich, a po 1933 r. również przez wybitnych emigrantów niemieckich.
EN
The history of political and legal doctrines is a field of study from the border of jurisprudence, political science, philosophy, politics and history. A development of the above mentioned field of study occurred in Poland after 1956, as well as its formal separation in teaching at university law faculties. This article illustrates the process of the general development of this new discipline since 1970, analysing key methodological discussions based on broadly defined Marxist philosophy, as well as the achievements of individual academic centres and historians, with particular emphasis on the achievements of Konstanty Grzybowski, regarded as the founder of the Kraków school of the history of doctrines. The final part of the text is devoted to the synthetic presentation of the main subsequent developments in the history of doctrines, both in the communist period and after the change of the political system in 1989.
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tom 5
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nr 4
355–373
EN
The paper is concerned with the development of legal history research in Poland in the post-Stalinist period, up to the end of the 1960s. The legal historians actually engaged themselves in the academic research of the time and developed, to the extent to which that was possible, the contacts with the western University centres. What was published were the significant handbooks and monographs. The publications laid out the new important research lines. The paper reviews, in a synthetic way, the interests of the authors of the publications both in the areas of Polish constitutional and legal history as well as in the field of general history of state and law. The publications of the most important authors were presented.
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