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3 2005

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Bioaccumulation of 137Cs in wild mushrooms collected in Poland and Slovakia

100%

Bazała M. , Bystrzejewska-Piotrowska G. , Čipáková A.

2005

tom Vol. 50,suppl.1

15-18

Activities of caesium in the mushrooms collected at different localities in Poland and Slovakia have been compared. Discrimination factor, defined as [(Bq.kg 1 137Cs in caps)/(Bq.kg 1 40K in caps)]/[(Bq.kg 1 137Cs in stipes)/ (Bq.kg 1 40K in stipes)], was used to explain mechanisms of uptake and transport of radiocaesium in fungi. The collected specimens were divided into caps and stipes. Activities of 137Cs and 40K were measured using a multichannel gamma spectrophotometer with HPGe(Li) detector. The highest accumulation of 137Cs was found in the samples of Xerocomus badius, Suillus luteus and Tricholoma equestre (2.7, 1.9 and 1.2 kBq.kg 1, respectively). T. equestre and S. luteus proved to hyperaccumulate caesium since 137Cs levels in the caps were two orders of magnitude higher than in the soil while only one order higher in the case of X. badius. Transport of 137Cs from stipe to cap in fruitbody is directly related to K concentration with lack of similar dependence in the case of transport from soil to cap. There is no dependence between activity of 137Cs in the analyzed fruitbodies and its activity in the soil, which makes mushrooms controversial bioindicators

Cationic interactions in caesium uptake by king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii )

88%

Bystrzejewska-Piotrowska G. , Manjón J. , Pianka D. , Bazała M. , Urban P.

2005

tom Vol. 50,suppl.1

9-13

In order to explain influence of common cations (K+, Na+ and Ca2+) on uptake and transport of caesium in macromycetes, a culture of a model mushroom species, king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) was set up. Fructification in a growing chamber with stabilised temperature (18°C) and humidity (80%) was preceded by mycelial colonization of the sterilized barley seed medium packed into autoclavable plastic containers. Aliquots of test solutions, containing 0.1 mM caesium chloride carrier traced with 137CsCl and the selected ions, were dosed into the interphase between the container wall and the spawn block. This allowed to study influence of the added ions on the uptake of caesium in a way unaffected by the used growing medium, e.g. soil, as it was in the previous studies. The experiments demonstrated that the major amount of radiocaesium was biologically bound and accumulated in the fruitbodies to a higher extent (56 69%) than in the mycelium. Addition of 10 mM Na+ decreased the transfer factor for caesium (cap/soil) while addition of Ca2+ caused an increase of this value. The effect of potassium addition depended on its concentration in the solution. Also the Cs/K ratio in caps was significantly influenced by addition of 10 and 100 mM Na+. However, the Cs/K ratio in stipes was affected by Ca2+. Discrimination factors, calculated from specific activities (137Cs/40K cap d.w.)/(137Cs/40K stipe d.w.), were also changed after addition of the studied cations. Since the activities of caesium measured in the fruitbodies of single fungal species strongly depend on the content of co-supplied ions, further proofs should be achieved before using mushrooms as bioindicators of the soil caesium contamination.

Preliminary study of platinum accumulation in the fruitbodies of a model fungal species: king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii)

63%

Urban P. , Bazała M. , Asztemborska M. , Manjón J. , Kowalska J. , Bystrzejewska-Piotrowska G. , Pianka D. , Stęborowski R. , Kuthan R. T.

2005

tom Vol. 50,suppl.1

63-67

A model species of saprophytic fungus, king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii), was cultivated on barley substrate supplied with [Pt(NH3)4](NO3)2, under well defined conditions. The samples of the collected fruiting bodies were digested and analyzed for total platinum content by means of ICP-MS. The results proved that platinum is not accumulated in the fruitbodies of Pleurotus eryngii for a wide range of Pt concentrations in the culture substrate (100 1000 ppb Pt in 50 ml of water solution added to ca. 450 g of hydrated barley seeds per container). Observable levels of Pt were only found in the fruitbodies obtained from the medium contaminated with 10000 ppb (10 ppm) platinum solution. This demonstrates significant difference in the effectiveness of platinum extraction in fungi and plants, which are capable to accumulate platinum even when supplied at lower concentration (<500 ppb). It also shows different physiological pathways of platinum and other elements which are easily accumulated in the fruitbodies of the same species.