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Assessment of the intensity of procedural pain in newborns treated in the intensive care unit measured by the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS)

100%

Bomersbach A. , Sochocka L.

Progress in Health Sciences

2018

tom 8(2)

33-39

Introduction: Newborns born prematurely and treated in intensive care units are at greater risk of experiencing pain than patients treated in other units. Purpose: To evaluate the severity of pain perceived by children during the performance of medical procedures related to the treatment and care process. Materials and methods: The study was conducted at one of the Intensive Care Units in Opole. The study group consisted of 100 newborns, 60% of the subjects were prematurely born newborns, and 40% - were full-term. The degree of procedural pain associated with blood collection, peripheral puncture insertion, upper respiratory tract suction, gastric tube insertion and ophthalmic examination was assessed by an observation method using the standard Neonatal Infant Pain Scale Form (NIPS). Results: Out of the analysed medical procedures, 100% of children experienced acute, severe pain over the course of suction and ophthalmological examination. The highest perception of pain was experienced by 88.3% of premature newborns and 71.8% of full-term newborns. Over the course of medical procedures, 84% of male and 79.6% female newborns experienced acute pain. It was shown that the degree of pain perception was determined by the type of performed medical procedure (p=0.001) and the gestational age of the newborn (p=0.037). On the other hand, there was no correlation between the sex of the newborn child and the degree of pain perception (p=0.758). Conclusions: Based on the foregoing study result, bearing in mind the need to minimise the effects of pain stimulation, it seems important to use standardised tools to assess the severity of pain in newborns treated in Intensive Care Units on a larger scale.

Intensity of the phenomenon of refusal to subject children to preventive vaccinations in the years 2002-2016 based on analysis of primary health care medical records

80%

Sochocka L. , Widera A. , Szwamel K.

nr 3

Background: Vaccinations are the most effective method for preventing infectious diseases. Massive implementation of long-term vaccinations strategies has resulted in elimination or a reduced incidence of many infectious diseases. Aim of the study: To evaluate the intensity of the phenomenon of refusal to subject children to preventive vaccinations by attempting to characterize the parental group who refuse to vaccinate their children, determining the type and number of unrealized vaccinations, and identifying the reasons for being unvaccinated. Material and methods: The research material was medical records from the Non-Public Heath Care Unit in Opole. It concerned implementation of the Protective Vaccine Program over the years 2002-2016. A method of retrospective analysis of medical records using modern technology was applied. Results: The phenomenon of refusal to subject children to preventive vaccinations is increasing. In the years 2002-2016, our retrospective analysis identified that 81 vaccinations (0.8% of the 10,057 vaccinations) were not carried out. The largest percentage of unrealized vaccinations involved hepatitis B (23.4%). Parents refusing to vaccinate their children were adults (Median = 31 years old, range: 27-36 years) and predominantly living in cities (87.88%). The reasons for abandoning mandatory vaccinations were not reporting with a child for vaccination (48.1%), deliberate refusal to subject a child to the vaccination (28.4%) and postponement of vaccination due to contraindications (23.5%). Conclusions: The vaccination coverage level in the study area was assessed as satisfactory and is comparable to the results obtained on the national scale. The scale of the refusal for preventive vaccinations is not an epidemiological threat currently. However, it requires constant monitoring, and educational and information actions directed at parents/guardians.

Parental knowledge and attitudes towards vaccination of children under 18 years of age

80%

Sochocka L. , Lorych L. , Gawlik M.

nr 1