Religious warfare was one of the various forms of ruler ship during the essential transformation of the High Middle Ages. The realms of East Central Europe witnessed augmented use of rituals of war, holy war rhetoric and crusading ideology in the course of their political, cultural and military integration into the sphere of the Latin Christendom. This article aims to provide several examples from the 12th century to illustrate the close connection between the exercise of power, ruling strategies and religious warfare in the Přemysl, Árpad and Piast realms. These processes served to sacralise, legitimize and integrate the ruling dynasties and their rulers and to create a common Christian identity.
The oldest daughter of the Polish king Casimir IV (1447 – 1492) and Elisabeth of Habsburg (1454 – 1492) Hedwig (1457 – 1502) was the first among the group of Polish royal daughters who married into the most important noble families of the Holy Roman Empire at the verge of the 15th and 16th century. The wedding of Hedwig with George, Duke of Bavaria-Landshut started a period of relentless diplomatic activities of Jagiellonians. By doing so they penetrated into the community of the most influential ruling families of Central Europe. The study traces the life and especially the circumstances surrounding the death and post mortem commemoration of this popular princess. It examines the ways of perception of this Jagiellonian princess in the historical memory of her new homeland and the various forms and tools used in keeping this memory alive.
The aim of this article is to give an account of the ritualized ways of communication of the ruling communities of the high and later middle Ages in the Central European region. It focuses on the neighbouring realms of Bohemia, Hungary and Austria in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries (c. 1250 – c. 1350). It argues that the ruling communities were formed from diverse political groups, most prominently represented by the ruler and his entourage (dynasty, court) on the one hand and the elites (both lay and spiritual) on the other. The rule (lordship) over a particular realm was a mixture of co-operation, competition and compromise between these groups. Secondly, these political communities therefore felt the constant need for public representation of their status, rank and symbolic role within the society. Effective ways to express belonging to a political group included a range of symbols, gestures and specific rhetoric.
The aim of this article is to give an account of the ritualized ways of communication of the ruling communities of the high and later Middle Ages in the Central European region. It focuses on the neighbouring realms of Bohemia, Hungary and Austria in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries (c. 1250 – c. 1350). It argues that the ruling communities were formed from diverse political groups, most prominently represented by the ruler and his entourage (dynasty, court) on the one hand and the elites (both lay and spiritual) on the other. The rule (lordship) over a particular realm was a mixture of co-operation, competition and compromise between these groups. Secondly, these political communities therefore felt the constant need for public representation of their status, rank and symbolic role within the society. Effective ways to express belonging to a political group included a range of symbols, gestures and specific rhetoric.
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