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tom 50
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nr 10
319-320
12
Content available Towards web applications reliability engineering
51%
EN
There is an increasing request for web-based software systems, some of them to be used very intensive. The customers ask not only for fast design and implementation, but also for a high quality product. Considering reliability as an important quality attribute, this paper describes the current state of the art in designing, implementing, and testing web-based applications. An important attention is given to web-based software vulnerabilities and how to deliver secure software. Then, reliability modeling in the case of secure web-based software is discussed.
EN
The review presents the general characteristics of biogenic amines present in cheese: the formation, the influence on the human body, the threats that ensue from the intake of them with food, the current limits of their amount in food and their ingestion, and also the methods of reducing the content of biogenic amines in food. Particular attention has been drawn to the presence of biogenic amines in cheese and the factors that determine the amount of these substances in cheese. The effect of microorganisms on the level of the amines in cheese, time and temperature of ripening and storing of cheese, as well as other factors like pH of cheese, salt concentration, pasteurization and homogenization of milk, accessibility of oxygen, redox potential, part of cheese and starter culture addition were discussed. The presented data indicate that biogenic amines are present in cheese in varying amounts, sometimes reaching levels toxic to humans. The main factors that increase the content of biogenic amines in cheese are microorganisms, in particular those not from the starter, long time and high temperature of ripening and storing. The decrease of biogenic amines content in cheese is favoured by pasteurization and homogenization of milk and by employment of high pressure on cheese (400-600 MPa). Other factors, such as pH, salt concentration, addition of starter cultures and herbs, accessibility of oxygen, redox potential also have an influence on the amount of biogenic amines in cheese; these, however, vary.
PL
Skład chemiczny oraz kruchość mięsa kulinarnego należą do najważniejszych cech decydujących o jego jakości i wartości technologicznej. Parametry te zależą od czynników przedubojowych, takich jak: gatunek, rasa, płeć i wiek zwierzęcia, ponadto podatność na stres, charakter i tempo przemian fizjologicznych zachodzących w mięśniach, stopień umięśnienia i rodzaj mięśnia. Tuczniki rasy polskiej białej zwisłouchej (36 szt.) ubijano w: 60., 90., 120., 150., 180. i 210. dniu życia (po 6 szt. w każdej grupie wiekowej). Mięśnie najdłuższy grzbietu (m. longissimus dorsi) – LD i półbłoniasty szynki (m. semimembranosus) – SM poddano analizie chemicznej, oznaczając zawartość suchej masy, białka, tłuszczu i popiołu. Mięśnie pieczono w 180°C do temperatury wewnętrznej 78°C. Następnie za pomocą teksturometru TA–XT2 firmy Stable Micro Systems oznaczono parametry tekstury oraz siłę cięcia analizowanych mięśni tuczników. W mięśniach starszych tuczników wykazano większą zawartość białka i tłuszczu oraz wzrost wartości siły cięcia i twardości TPA mięśni, w stosunku do osobników młodszych. Poziom białka w mięśniu LD wahał się od 21,0% w 60. dniu życia do 24,9% w 210. dniu życia, a w SM odpowiednio od 20,4 do 23,9%. Zawartość t łuszczu w LD wahała się od 1,2 do 1,8%. Siła cięcia mięśni LD i SM była porównywalna i wahała się od około 3,1 kG/cm2 w 60. dniu życia do około 5,8 kG/cm2 w 210. dniu życia. Natomiast wartość twardości (TPA) wynosiła 54,2 (LD) i 92,5 N (SM) w 60 dniu oraz 129,6 (LD) i 126,0 N (SM) w 210 dniu.
EN
Chemical composition and tenderness of the culinary meat are among the most important characteristics determining the quality and technological value of meat. Those parameters depend on the pre-slaughter factors such as: species, race, sex, and age of animal, as well as on its resistance to stress, its character and tempo of physiological changes occurring in its muscles, degree of muscling, and type of muscle. The Polish Landrace fatteners (36 animals) were slaughtered on the 60th, 90th, 120th, 150th, 180th, and 210th day of life (six animals in each age group). The m. longissimus dorsi –LD and m. semimembranosus – SM (from ham) were chemically analyzed and the following parameters were determined: dry matter/water content, protein content, fat content, and ash content. The muscles were roasted at 180°C to reach the inside temperature of 78°C. Then, the two parameters of the fatteners’ muscles were determined: texture profile and Warner-Bratzler force of cut, using a TA-XT2 texture analyzer (manufactured by a Stable Micro Systems Co.). It was found that in the muscles of older fatteners, the content of protein and fat was higher; also, compared with the younger fatteners, the increase in the force of cut and in the TPA hardness of their muscles was found. The protein level in the LD muscle ranged from 21.0% on the 60th day of life to 24.9% on the 210th day of life; whereas in the SM muscle, it was 20.4% and 23.3%, respectively. The fat content in LD ranged from 1.2% to 1.5%. As for LD and SM muscles, the force of cut was comparable and ranged from app. 3.1 kG/cm2 on the 60th day of life to app. 5.8 kG/cm2 on the 210th day of life. The hardness value (TPA) was 54.2 N (LD) and 92.5 N (SM) on the 60th day of life, and 129.6 N (LD) & 126.0 N (SM) on the 210th day.
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