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2006
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tom 60
|
nr 09
33-35
PL
Sprężone powietrze jest jednym z ważniejszych nośników energii. Chociaż jest wydajne i bezpieczne dla środowiska, zawiera wiele zanieczyszczeń, które szczególnie w przemyśle spożywczym stanowią bardzo poważny problem. Zanieczyszczenia znajdujące się w powietrzu atmosferycznym (zasysanym przez sprężarkę), wilgoć i przegrzany olej (pochodzący z układu smarowania kompresora), a także zabrudzenia z rurociągów są mieszaniną związków o stopniu agresywności porównywalnym z kwasami. Wiele produktów ma kontakt ze sprężonym powietrzem w różnych procesach technologicznych, dlatego też może ono bezpośrednio wpływać na jakość produkowanej żywność. Stosowanie tego medium w procesach produkcyjnych bez odpowiedniego przygotowania, czyli uzdatnienia niesie ze sobą możliwość strat finansowych oraz zagrożenie dla bezpieczeństwa żywności.
EN
Compressed air is one of a major carrier of energy. Although is very efficient and safety for the environment, unfortunately includes many contaminations, which may cause serious problems especially in food industry. Pollutions from atmospheric air (sucked in by a compressor), water vapor, overheated oil from compressors lubricating system and impurities from pipelines form a mixture with level of aggressiveness similar to acids. Application of this medium in manufacturing processes without proper filtering and preparation can mean financial losses for company and can be very dangerous for a food safety. There are many ways food is contacted with compressed air and that's why quality of that air is so important.
PL
Sprężone powietrze jest jednym z ważniejszych nośników energii. Łatwość zastosowania darmowego surowca, przyjaznego dla środowiska i bezpieczeństwo w razie wycieku powodują, że sprężone powietrze jest stosowane wszędzie: od małych zakładów do ogromnych kompleksów fabrycznych. Sprężone powietrze, jakkolwiek jest medium wydajnym i niezawodnym, zawiera wiele zanieczyszczeń, które - zwłaszcza w przemyśle spożywczym - stanowią bardzo poważny problem.
EN
Compressed air is one of the most important carrier of energy. Easy of application, free, environment friendly and safe in case of leaking - these reasons cause a wide application everywhere: from the smallest industrial plants to big complexes. Compressed air although is a very efficient and reliable medium, but it includes many contaminations, which present serious problem especially in food industry.
EN
The participation of phospholipase A2 isoforms in capacitative store-operated Ca2+ influx into Jurkat leukemic T and MDCK cells was investigated. Preincubation of Jurkat cells with either bromophenacyl bromide (an inhibitor of secreted phospholipase A2, sPLA2) or Helss (an inhibitor of calcium independent phospholipase A2 iPLA2) resulted in a significant inhibition of the calcium influx. The extent of this inhibition depended on the pH of the extracellular millieu; it increased with alkalisation. The rate of Ca2+ influx into MDCK cells was reduced by bromophenacyl bromide. Preincubation of these cells with Helss resulted in the stimulation of the influx. These observations suggest the participation of different PLA2 isoforms in the regulation of Ca2+ influx. They also show that the extent that PLA2 isoforms control the influx depends on the pH of the medium. Finally, these data indicate that various phospholipase A2 isoforms may play a role in the control of Ca2+ influx in different cell lines.
XX
In addition to 2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)- carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) used so far to monitor intramitochondrial pH, two other fluorescent pH indicators, 4',5'-dimethyl-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (DMCF) and carboxyseminaphthofluorescein (carboxy-SNAFL-1), were applied for this purpose. These probes are taken up by isolated rat liver mitochondria in form of diacetate esters, hydrolyzed within mitochondria to free acids, and respond to changes of intramitochondrial pH by changing their fluorescence emission intensity. With all three probes energization of mitochondria by electron donors or acceptors was accompanied by fluorescence changes characteristic for alkalization, whereas deenergization by respiratory inhibitors or protonophores produced changes typical for acidification. Contrary to this, transition from State 4 to State 3, known to shift intramitochondrial pH towards acidification (equivalent to a decrease of ApH), was accompanied by paradoxical responses of the fluorescent pH probes used: the fluorescence of DMCF increased as if the matrix compartment became more alkaline, the fluorescence of BCECF, measured in single excitation/emission wavelength mode, did not change, and the fluorescence of carboxy-SNAFL-1 could be interpreted as either alkalization or acidification, depending on the excitation/emission wavelength pair used. It was shown that depletion of intramitochondrial Mg2+ and Ca2+ using divalent metal ionophore A23187 decreased fluorescence intensity with all three probes examined, whereas subsequent addition of Mg2+ or Ca2+ increased the fluorescence. It is therefore proposed that the atypical response of intramitochondrial pH indicators upon State 4 - State 3 transition is due to changes of intramitochondrial free Mg2+, as related to different complexing abilities of ATP and ADP towards magnesium.
EN
The effects of various concentrations of thapsigargin, a specific inhibitor of Ca2+ -ATPase in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, on calcium homeostasis in lymphoidal T cells (Jurkat) were investigated. Preincubation of these cells suspended in nominally calcium-free medium with 0.1 UM thapsigargin resulted in a complete release of Ca2+ from intracellular calcium stores. When the medium was supplemented with 3 mM CaCl2 the cells maintained constantly elevated level of cytosolic Ca2+ . However, tha­psigargin applied at lower concentration produced only a partial depletion of the stores. For example, in the cells pretreated with 1 nM thapsigargin and suspended in calcium-free medium approximately 75% of the calcium content was released from the intracellular stores. The addition of 3 mM CaCl2 to such cell suspension led to a transient increase in cytosolic calcium concentration, followed by a return to a lower steady-state. This phenomenon, related to the refilling of the ER by Ca2+ , allowed to estimate the half-time for the process of cell recovery after activation of store-operated calcium channels. By this ap­proach we have found that carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, which has been documented to inhibit calcium entry into Jurkat cells, does not influence the stability of the intracellular signal involved in the activation of store-operated calcium channels.
18
38%
EN
Ciprofloxacin is widely used in antimicrobial therapy. However it also inhibits mitochondrial topoisomerase II and therefore affects cellular energy metabolism. At a concentration exceeding 80 µg/ml ciprofloxacin induces apoptosis, while at 25 µg/ml it inhibits proliferation of Jurkat cells without any symptoms of cell death. The aim of this study was to explain the mechanisms of ciprofloxacin-evoked perturbations of the cell cycle. Human lymphoidal cells (Jurkat) were exposed to ciprofloxacin (25 µg/ml) for 4-11 days and effects of the drug on cell proliferation (light microscopy), cell cycle (flow cytometry), cell size and morphology (confocal microscopy) as well as number of chromosomes (chromosomal spread analysis) were investigated. Exposition of Jurkat cells to ciprofloxacin inhibited cell proliferation, increased proportion of cells in the G2/M-phase of the cell cycle, compromised formation of the mitotic spindle and induced aneuploidy. These observations indicate that ciprofloxacin applied at concentrations insufficient for induction of apoptosis may stop cell proliferation by inhibition of mitosis. Chromosomal instability of such cells may, at least potentially, increase a risk of cancer development.
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