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2 Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica

2 2005

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Characterization by sampling and in situ testing - connecticut valley varved clay

100%

Groot D. J. , Lutenegger A. J.

tom Vol. 27, nr 3-4

107-120

Varved clays, which consist of alternating layers of sill and clay, arc common in glaciated regions of North America and Northern Europe. This layering results in several unique engineering properties making varved clays a challenging soil for engineering design. Varved clays have hydrau-lic conductivity and undrained shear strength anisotropy that far exceeds that of most other soils. The strength of the soil for shearing along the horizontal varves is much less than thai for shearing across the varves. This paper summarizes the geotechnical engineering properties of Connecticut Valley Varved Clay (CVVC). CVVC is a lacustrine soil deposited approximately 15.000 years ago during retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheei. Resulis from soil sampling, in situ testing, and laboratory testing conducted during the past 15 years for a deposit of CVVC at the National Geotechnical Experimentation Site in Amherst, Massachusetts. USA. are presented.

Sample disturbance - soft clays

80%

Groot D. J. , Poirier S. E. , Landon M. M.

tom Vol. 27, nr 3-4

91-105

This paper reviews the causes of sample disturbance and its impact on laboratory measured design parameters for soft clays. It is the most significant issue affecting the quality and reliability of laboratory test data. All key design parameters such as compressibility, yield stress and undrained shear strength are adversely influenced by sample disturbance. Each stage of the sampling process, from initiation of drilling to final preparation of laboratory test specimens, causes potential disturbance to samples and is described in the paper. Several practical solutions are presented, which if properly implemented can reduce the degree of sample disturbance. These include the use of weighted drilling mud, special tube sample geometry, fixed piston samplers, and proper sealing and handling of samples. Qualitative and quantitative methods of assessing sample quality are also presented together with examples from case studies.