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1

Chemical and Granulometric Parameters of Bottom Sediments in the Assessment of Floodplain Water Bodies of the Lower Bug River

100%

Jurkiewicz-Karnkowska E. , Biardzka E.

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tom Vol. 18, nr 11

1457-1466

EN

Usefulness of basic chemical and granulometric parameters of bottom sediments in the assessment of successional stage and condition of floodplain water bodies was analyzed, as well as some aspects of nutritional quality of bottom sediments. Organic matter (OM), nitrogen and phosphorus content and granulometric parameters differed between permanent and temporary, as well as between old and young water bodies. In some habitats despite of relatively low C/N ratio and high OM content sediments were not favourable for detritivores. Organic matter content in sediments of floodplain water bodies may be used in the assessment of Corg and N with high probability.

PL

Analizowano przydatność podstawowych chemicznych i granulometrycznych badań osadów dennych w ocenie stadium sukcesji oraz kondycji zbiorników wodnych terenów zalewowych, jak również niektóre aspekty jakości pokarmowej osadów. Zawartość materii organicznej, azotu i fosforu oraz parametry granulometryczne osadów dennych różniły się w zbiornikach trwałych i okresowych, a także w zbiornikach starych i młodych. W niektórych biotopach pomimo stosunkowo niskiego stosunku C/N i wysokiej zawartości materii organicznej osady były niekorzystne dla detrytusożerców. Zawartość materii organicznej w osadach zbiorników terenów zalewowych może być z dużym prawdopodobieństwem wykorzystywana w ocenie zawartości C i N.

2

Stężenie związków biogennych w osadach ściekowych i wodach odciekowych wytwarzanych w gminnych oczyszczalniach ścieków (Łomazy i Sławatycze)

80%

Królak E. , Biardzka E. , Łapińska R. , Semeniuk A.

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tom T. 17, nr 2

211--220

PL

Osady ściekowe wytwarzane w gminnych oczyszczalniach ścieków charakteryzują się wysoką wilgotnością, a ich jakość zależy od typu oczyszczalni. W ramach przeprowadzonych badań analizowano skład chemiczny nieustabilizowanych osadów i wód odciekowych powstających w dwóch wiejskich oczyszczalniach ścieków o przepustowości 300 m3/dobę, różniących się typem reaktora biochemicznego. Niezależnie od typu oczyszczalni, stężenie węgla organicznego, azotu organicznego i fosforu ogólnego w suchej masie osadów było na podobnym poziomie. Odnotowano statystycznie istotne różnice w kwasowości osadów oraz w zawartości suchej masy w osadach. Także w wodach odciekowych powstających z osadów ściekowych odnotowano statystycznie istotne różnice w stężeniach azotanów i fosforanów. Ustalono, że azot w nieustabilizowanych osadach ściekowych występuje głównie w formie organicznej. Wysoka wilgotność osadów ściekowych, ich kwaśny odczyn oraz wysokie stężenie azotu w wodach odciekowych w formie nieorganicznych połączeń wymagają bezpiecznej, z punktu widzenia ochrony środowiska, gospodarki osadami. Wyniki analizy statystycznej badanych próbek osadów pozwoliły na ocenę stabilności pracy oczyszczalni.

EN

Sewage sludge produced in municipal wastewater treatment plants is characterized by high moisture, while its quality depends on the type of treatment plant. Municipal sewage sludge is considered to be a waste and a strong emphasis is put on managing waste in a way not posing a threat to the environment. In this study, chemical composition of unsettled sludge and reject waters produced in two municipal wastewater treatment plants, both operating at a throughput of up to 300 m3/day, was analysed. The two plants, treating only municipal sewage, differed in the type of biochemical reactor. They are located in the area of Lublin voivodeship. Research showed that the sludge from both plants had an acidic reaction and contained more than 90% of water. Depending on the plant where the sludge was produced, the samples differed in pH values and the level of hydration. The concentration of organic matter, organic nitrogen and total phosphorus in the dry weight were alike in the samples taken from the two plants. On a dry weight basis, sewage sludge contained on average about 80% organic matter, more than 5% nitrogen and about 2% phosphorus. On the basis of calculated C/N ratio of the dry weight it was established that using the studied wastewater sludge in agriculture would be the most sustainable method of its management. The reject waters samples collected from the two wastewater treatment plants varied in the concentrations of ammonium, nitrate and phosphorus ions. Ammonium ions concentrations were the highest in the reject waters. The differences in nitrate and phosphorus concentrations noted in the samples collected from the two plants were statistically significant. All the aspects such as high moisture of sewage sludge, its acidic reaction and high nitrogen concentration in reject waters occurring in the form of inorganic compounds require appropriate methods of waste management safe for the environment. The results of the statistical analysis of the studied sludge samples allowed for the assessment of the reliability of the two wastewater treatment plants.

3

Do water filters improve the quality of potable water?

80%

Krolak E. , Raczuk J. , Biardzka E.

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tom 20

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nr 1

EN

It is common knowledge that household water filtration systems cause water demineralisation. However, the available literature lacks data concerning to what extent filters decrease concentrations of chosen mineral components in water. The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of filters mounted on domestic water intakes on the changes in selected water properties. Water samples filtered in a reverse osmosis system and not enriched by further mineralization were taken for the study. Total hardness, concentrations of magnesium, calcium, chloride and nitrate ions and water pH and conductivity were determined after filtration and compared with the same parameters in water from the waterworks. Randomly chosen water samples used for the study were taken from sites in north-eastern Poland. The analyses were carried out according to current standards. All the studied samples of unfiltered water met the drinking-water quality standards laid down by the Regulation of the Minister of Health. In the study, it was demonstrated that water filters significantly decreased electrolytic conductivity as well as the concentrations of magnesium and calcium ions (decisive for water hardness) and chlorides. The analysed filters also increased water acidity. Drinking filtered water decreases the share of water in the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for calcium and magnesium and may result in many diseases, which is discussed in the paper. No positive effect of water filters on nitrate concentrations was found. The authors proved that installing household water treatment devices seems unnecessary, especially when water is purchased from municipal waterworks and tested as safe for human consumption.

4

Charakterystyka ścieków i osadów z oczyszczalni komunalnej stosującej technologię firmy „Biopax”

80%

Królak E. , Biardzka E. , Bramowicz D.

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tom Nr 48

119--124

PL

Celem badań była ocena redukcji zanieczyszczeń w ściekach komunalnych oraz analiza składu chemicznego osadów ściekowych i odcieków w komunalnej oczyszczalni w Komorach Dąbrownych. Oczyszczanie ścieków oparte jest na technologii firmy BIOPAX. Ocenie poddano odczyn oraz stężenie biogenów w ściekach surowych i oczyszczonych, zawartość materii organicznej oraz azotu i fosforu całkowitego w osadach uwodnionych i ustabilizowanych. Określono także skład odcieków. Stwierdzono, że zastosowana technologia zapewnia skuteczną (na poziomie powyżej 96%) redukcję biogenów w ściekach. Skład chemiczny osadów ściekowych po ich stabilizacji jest typowy dla osadów wytwarzanych w komunalnych oczyszczalniach ścieków, a odcieki włączane do procesu technologicznego nie wpływają negatywnie na proces technologiczny. Ze względu na wysoką redukcję biogenów oczyszczalnie oparte na opisanej technologii wydają się być dobrym rozwiązaniem dla oczyszczania ścieków w małych miejscowościach.

EN

The aim of the study was the assessment of contaminants reduction from communal sewage and the analysis of the chemical composition of sewage sludge and reject waters from Komory Dąbrowne sewage treatment plant using devices designed and built by BIOPAX Ltd. The scope of the research included assessing the following aspects: reaction (pH), the concentration of nutrients in raw and treated sewage, the concentration of organic matter and the content of total nitrogen and phosphorus in sludge before and after stabilization. The characteristic of reject water was also presented. It was found that technology provides more than 96% reduction of nutrients from the sewage. Chemical composition of stabilized sewage sludge is similar to the communal waste produced in other sewage treatment plants, while the reject waters used in the treatment process do not influence the technological process in an adverse way. Due to its high capacity of nutrient reduction, technology seems to be a useful tool to be applied in small municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs).

5

Zwiazki azotu w wodzie studziennej w swietle ryzyka zdrowotnego mieszkancow gminy Wodynie [woj.mazowieckie]

80%

Raczuk J. , Biardzka E. , Michalczyk M.

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nr 1[25]

87-97

6

Comparative analysis of sewage sludge from two sewage treatment plants: in Mrozy and Siedlce (Mazowieckie Province)

80%

Krolak E. , Filipek K. , Biardzka E.

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nr 2(56)

7

Growth rate of duckweeds (Lemnaceae) in relation to the internal and ambient nutrient concentrations - testing the Droop and Monod models

61%

Kufel L. , Strzalek M. , Wysokinska U. , Biardzka E. , Okninska S. , Rys K.

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nr 2

EN

The Monod model describes the relationship between growth rate and ambient nutrient concentration, the Droop model focuses on internal nutrient resources as the driving factor. Both were applied mainly to explain phytoplankton dynamics in lakes or in experimental cultures. Our test plants were two species of duckweeds – Lemna minor L. and Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleiden sampled from 18 natural stands situated in 6 different water bodies. Plants were grown outdoor in original lake water or in mineral media of varying N and P concentrations (0–21 mg N-NO3 L-1 and 0–1853 μg P-PO4 L-1 for L.minor and 0–4.2 mg N-NO3 L-1 and 0–371 μg P-PO4 L-1 for S. polyrhiza). Moreover, we analysed concentrations of mineral forms of N and P in lake water and tissue nutrient concentrations in plants. Tissue N of both plants was significantly correlated with ambient inorganic nitrogen sources, no such relationship was observed for tissue P. The growth rate of both plants measured under experimental outdoor conditions was better explained by tissue N and P variability (the Droop model) than by the external nutrient availability (the Monod model). The latter also failed to fit the growth rate of both plants in artificial mineral media with a decreasing gradient of N and P concentrations. The plants grew at the expense of internal N and P resources which remarkably declined during 9-day long experiments. Calculated minimum tissue contents (11.19 ± 1.11 mg N g-1 and 0.97 ± 0.07 mg P g-1 in L. minor and 6.10 ± 1.85 mg N and 1.25 ± 0.37 mg P g-1 in S. polyrhiza) show that the latter species would be a superior competitor under N limiting conditions and the former – under P limitation. We confront obtained results with literature data on N uptake kinetics and postulate that the luxury consumption of nutrients and plant growth dependent mainly on internal N and P resources might be an adaptation of duckweeds to varying habitat conditions typical of astatic water bodies.