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2 Acta Parasitologica

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Light, transmission and scanning electron microscope observation of body spines of Philophthalmus lucipetus [Trematoda] during maturation in the eye cavity of birds

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Radev V. , Kanev I. , Nollen P. , Dacheva R.

nr 3

Light (LM), transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the topography and morphology of the body spines of P. lucipetus during maturation of one-day-old preadults to 120-day-old adults. Observations with LM showed long and thin spine-like formations, which can be clearly seen in young specimens of 10-days-old, and which are missing in most of the older parasites. Using TEM and SEM the spine-like formations were found not to be true spines, but belong to the soft tissues of the tegument - the distal cytoplasm. Observed with SEM, the tegument showed papilla-like structures which, in the anterior part of the body were different in form, size and distribution pattern from those in the posterior part. The body spines of the eye fluke P. lucipetus are different from the real spines of the parasites living in the host intestine.

History of Echinostomes (Trematoda)

88%

Toledo R. , Radev V. , Kanev I. , Gardner S. L. , Fried B.

nr 4

Echinostomatidae (Trematoda) is the largest family within the class Trematoda. Members of this family have been studied for many years in relation to their utility as basic research models in biodiversity and systematics and also as experimental models in parasitology since they offer many advantages. Echinostomes have contributed significantly to numerous developments in many areas studied by parasitologists and experimental biologists. In this review, we examine the history of the echinostomebased studies from the beginnings to the present. For this purpose, we have divided the history of echinostomes into four periods (i.e. 18th and 19th centuries, first half of the 20th century, second half of the 20th century and the late 20th and 21th century) according to the types of studies performed in each of them. Moreover, we also briefly review the history of echinostome infections in humans.