Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Polityka tworzenia prawa w zakresie poprawy jakości powietrza w Polsce a interesy przedsiębiorstw

100%

Machowicz K.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2020

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nr 4 (377)

167-176

EN

The aim of the article is to identify the economic factors that exert a real impact on the shape of the policy of law-making to improve air quality. This objective can be achieved by verifying the following hypotheses: - the sources of the penetration of environmental issues into politics are not homogeneous; - pro-quality political decisions and legal solutions to improve air quality can promote the interests of economic operators. The theoretical findings of this article are based on a critical analysis of the literature of the subject, a descriptive method, the exegesis of normative acts of generally applicable law, as well as an analysis of administrative and judicial case law. The decline in air quality is one of the negative effects of global development. An important element of counteracting this phenomenon is a properly conducted policy of law-creation. The aim of the article is to identify the economic drivers which have a real impact on policy of law creation to improve air quality. Multicentricity of decision-making is currently not limited only to political circles. While in the case of institutionalized political circles, the assessment of the course of decision-making processes may be based on measurable foundations, it is difficult to grasp the role of active subjects in the economy due to the diverse organizational status and dispersed nature and motivation of their activities. However, the state's income from the taxes remains an important background for the air quality policy of law-creation. In addition, the multicentricity of decision-making centres implies an increasing complexity of decision-making processes also in terms of their overlap.

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Skarga międzypaństwowa do Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka w Strasburgu – potencjalne odrodzenie

63%

Machowicz K. , Tabaszewski R.

Przegląd Sejmowy

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2023

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nr 1(174)

175-197

EN

This article deals with the theoretical, legal, and practical aspects of filing inter-state complaints to the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and their consideration by the Court. It describes the evolution, essence, and current legal regulation of the institution of inter-state application expressed in the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR) and the ECtHR’s regulations. The article compares the qualitatively different complaints filed by post-Soviet states with those lodged by the so-called senior members of the Council of Europe (CoE) and examines the possible correlation between them. The article describes to what extent the inter-state application is the primary mechanism for ensuring verification of mutual compliance with the provisions of the ECHR as objective obligations, and to what extent it reflects the political aspirations of states-parties. However, the analysis shows that, in the vast majority of cases, states submit complaints in order to obtain short-term political and economic benefits. It has been shown that some inter-state applications are in fact disguised individual complaints.

3

NADZÓR NAD STOSOWANIEM I OBROTEM ŚRODKAMI ODURZAJĄCYMI ORAZ SUBSTANCJAMI PSYCHOTROPOWYMI JAKO ELEMENT INSTYTUCJONALNEGO WYMIARU POLITYKI BEZPIECZEŃSTWA CHEMICZNEGO W POLSCE

63%

Machowicz K. , Fehler W.

Colloquium Wydziału Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych AMW

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2021

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tom 13

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nr 2

25-37

PL

Artykuł podejmuje problematykę nadzoru nad stosowaniem i obrotem środkami odurzającymi oraz substancjami psychotropowymi w kontekście kreowania i realizowania polityki bezpieczeństwa chemicznego w Polsce. Zasadniczym jego celem jest dokonanie oceny efektywności nadzoru farmaceutycznego w kontekście przyjętych w Polsce rozwiązań instytucjonalnych. Z ustaleń poczynionych przez autorów wynika, że istnieją znaczące luki w systemie nadzoru nad wykorzystywaniem środków odurzających i substancji psychotropowych stosowanych w medycynie weterynaryjnej. Prowadzi to do konkluzji o niezadowalającej efektywności nadzoru, co w ocenie autorów wynika z rozproszenia kompetencji przy jednoczesnym braku spoiwa w postaci systemowego podejścia do bezpieczeństwa chemicznego. Jako ważny kierunek działań naprawczych autorzy wskazują poprawę wzrostu poziomu świadomości prawnej i świadomości w zakresie bezpieczeństwa chemicznego u osób działających jako organy nadzoru i aparat pomocniczy tych organów. W połączeniu tych dwu elementów widzą szanse na doprowadzenie do opracowania wewnętrznego prawa właściwych inspekcji pozwalającego na zlikwidowanie obszarów pozbawionych nadzoru.

EN

The article deals with the issue of supervision over the application and trade of intoxicating and psychotropic substances in the context of creating and implementing chemical security policy in Poland. Its main objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmaceutical supervision in the context of the institutional solutions implemented in Poland. There are significant gaps in the system of supervision over the application of intoxicating and psychotropic substances used in veterinary medicine. This leads to conclusions about the unsatisfactory effectiveness of supervision. In the opinion of the authors it results from the dispersion of competencies with the simultaneous lack of a binder in the form of a systemic approach to chemical security. As an important direction of corrective actions, authors indicate increase legal awareness, and awareness in the field of chemical and security. The combination of these two elements provides an opportunity to bring about the establishment of an internal law of appropriate inspections to eliminate areas without supervision.