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2 Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

2 2015

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EINE NEUE GERMANISCHE SIEDLUNG UND RÖMISCH-GERMANISCHE LÄNDLICHE NIEDERLASSUNG VON STUPAVA-MÁST (WESTSLOWAKEI)

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Elschek K. , Groh S. , Kolníková E.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

2015

tom 63

nr 1

63 – 114

Roman finds from Mást were known since the 17th century. 2012 – 2013 surface survey, metal detector survey, geophysical prospection and an excavation were realised here. During the surface survey e. g. 49 Roman coins, 60 Germanic and Roman fibulas and about 200 fragments of Roman roof tiles were found. Through the geophysical prospection anomalies were investigated. At the base of the survey and geophysics a small-scale excavation was realised here, during which a house and oven from the 3rd century A. D. were investigated. The house was built in a Roman-Germanic building technique, maybe by a Roman architect. The roof of the building consisted from Roman roof tiles, one of them bear the stamp of the XIV Roman legion. It was destroyed by fire, at the clay-floor lies four nearly complete Germanic pottery vessels from the 3rd century A. D. The Germanic pottery from the house ist represented by 91,5 %, the Roman pottery by 8,5 %. To the Roman pottery belong e. g. grey-black storage vessels, “Ringschüsseln“, jugs and terra sigillata. Terra Sigillata from the site belong to the Middle Gaulish, Rheinzabern and Westerndorf workshops and could be dated between 180 – 260 A. D. In the article the presence of this pottery was compared with the sites in the neighbourhood and the Roman Carnuntum. The Germanic and Roman fibulas are represented by specimens from the early 1st to the late 4th cent., the earliest is a noric-pannonian fibula. The most specimens belong to the 2nd – 3rd century. The Roman coins cover the time from the 1st century B. C. to the 4th century A. D. The earliest appertain to the republican coins of Caesar and Marcus Antonius, the latest coin belong to Valentinianus I. The coin circulation in Mást is similar to sites along the river Morava in West Slovakia and North-East Austria. There is a table with all coins from the Záhorie-territory in the article. The numerous Roman coins, Roman roof-tiles and other Roman product show that the site was involved in the trade along the Amber-route. The Roman-Germanic building activity in the “Limesvorland” at the Middle Danube area is documented by Roman and eventually also by mixed Roman-Germanic architectures in Bratislava-Dúbravka, Bratislava-Devín and Stupava.

„RÍMSKA STAVBA I“ NA AKROPOLE BRATISLAVSKÉHO KELTSKÉHO OPPIDA – SVEDECTVO MINCÍ

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Musilová M. , Kolníková E. , Hložek M.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

2015

tom 63

nr 2

239 – 308

Stone constructions were discovered during the archeological research by the Municipal Monument Preservation Institute in Bratislava at the Celtic oppidum‘s acropolis, in the Northern part of the Bratislava Castle Hill, in the remaining parts of the Baroque Winter Riding Hall, in 2008 – 2010. They were built using Roman construction technology (‘Roman building I’). Its foundations, overground walls with plaster, as well as fragments of paving, remained preserved. In the building’s ruins, numerous Roman amphorae fragments, fragments of the Hellenistic glass bowl, a seal box and 22 Celtic coins were found. They were minted in the Bratislava oppidum in the 1st half of the 1st century B. C.: 15 staters, 9 of which have the inscription BIATEC, 4 with the inscription NONNOS, 2 without an inscription, 4 tetradrachms with the inscriptions BIATEC and NONNOS, and 3 Simmering type drachms. The analysis of the coins determined the period of the rise and fall, as well as the function of the building. It was built in the period of the Bratislava oppidum’s maximum development, before the middle of the 1st century B. C. Probably, it had an administrative and trade function. Its construction was managed by Roman experts. Roman masters also participated in the Bratislava Celtic oppidum‘s minting activities. The oppidum’s importance decreased significantly after the war between Celts (Boii) and Dacians around 40 B. C., mainly because of an interruption of trade contacts with the Mediterranean world. The minting of the Bratislava tetradrachms ended in that time. The political power of Bratislava’s Celts was weakened by Noricum, sustained by Rome. The oppidum’s end, around the break of the century, was caused by the Roman military invasion of territories around the confluence of the Danube and Moravia, mainly the Tiberius campaign, in 6 A. D., and the following Roman-German interactions.