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EN
This article presents an analysis of Raymond Aron's sociological conception of 'industrial society', with an emphasis on the idea of the 'primacy of politics'. The discussion of Aron's conceptual and empirical treatment of 'industrial society' is based on an analysis of a selection of his major works. The author explains in what sense this is a genuinely sociological conception and to what degree it is inspired by classical political philosophy. He identifies where Aron departed from the theory of the convergence of capitalist and communist political systems and shows how Aron's conception of industrial society contradicted the central tenets of both classical and official Soviet Marxism. In the article, Aron's conception of industrial society is examined within the context of various strands of comparative political sociology. The author asks whether different approaches than those so successfully put to use by Aron in his analyses of 20th-century societies are necessary in order to fully understand the new realities that only became visible years after Aron's death.
2
Content available UTCI - first test in the Czech Republic UTCI
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PL
UTCI (Universal Thermal Climate Index) to nowy wskaźnik, który opisuje wpływ warunków termicznych na standardowe ludzkie ciało. Wskaźnik ten był testowany w skrajnych warunkach pogodowych w Czechach w ciągu kilku ostatnich lat - w najzimniejsze dni w sezonie zimowym 2009/2010, w najgorętsze dni lata 2010 r. i podczas przechodzenia orkanu „Kyrill” (18-19.01.2007 r.). Wyniki są prawidłowe w przypadku obu badanych okresów ze skrajną temperaturą (najzimniejszego i najgorętszego), ale wystąpiły problemy z wartościami UTCI w czasie skrajnie wietrznych dni (orkan „Kyrill”). Nietypowe wartości UTCI rozpoczynały się, kiedy prędkość wiatru przekraczała 20 m·s⁻¹.
EN
The aim of this study was to determine the traits that define the optical properties of the needles of four coniferous species: Picea abies, Picea omorika, Abies alba and Pinus sylvestris. The analysis included measurements of the needles for their morphological and anatomical aspects, reflectances at the upper and lower needle surfaces through their 280–880-nm spectra, and biochemical traits. The needles of these species differed significantly in the majority of morphological and anatomical traits, with the most pronounced differences seen for the thickness of the cuticle and epidermis, the needle width and thickness, the width of the central cylinder, and the position and density of the stomata. The reflectance spectra of the upper needle surface were very similar, while for the reflectance of the lower needle surface, P. omorika reflected light the most efficiently, followed by A. alba. The biochemical properties indicated significant differences in the amounts of UV-absorbing compounds, which were highest in P. sylvestris, and relatively low in A. alba and P. abies. The upper needle surface reflectance spectra were significantly affected by thickness of the cuticle, by pore width and by total mesophyll thickness, which explained 24%, 12% and 4% of the variability, respectively. The needle traits that explained the reflectance spectra variability of the lower needle surface were the hypoderm (28%), needle thickness (4%), density of stomata (28%), length of the outer pores (9%), and amount of UV-A-absorbing compounds (7%). Our data show that the needle reflectance spectra are primarily affected by the physical structure of the needles, and little by the needle biochemistry. This calls into question the methodologies for determination of the biochemical status of conifers based on their reflectance spectra.
6
Content available remote Thermal analysis of PDMS light bulbs with a luminophore
51%
EN
This article focuses on the production and measurement of incandescent lamps made from polydimethylsiloxane and YAG luminophore. By a suitable combination of these materials along with a light source of a specific wavelength, white colour of light can be achieved. Since the optical power from the light source is fed through a light guide structure to a remote lighting section, the device can be used in hazardous environments such as mines or factories where electromagnetic interference is likely to occur. The study describes temperature characteristics and chromaticity temperature changes of the designed lamp for different luminophore concentrations.
PL
W artykule analizuje sie lampy wykonane z polydimethylsiloxanu PDMS z luminoforem YAG. W lampach tych można osiągnąć białą barwę dzięki odpowiedniej kombinacji materiału. Dzięki odpowiedzniej konstrukcji lampy te można używać w środowiskach niebezpiecznych jak kopalnie. W artykule analizowano temperaturę I barwę światła dla różnych luminoforów.
8
Content available remote Fatigue testing by means of miniature test specimens
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EN
Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to describe fatigue testing by means of miniature test specimens. Design/methodology/approach: Special miniature test specimens fixtures were designed and manufactured for the purposes of fatigue testing at the Zwick/Roell - Amsler 10HPF5100 test machine. The miniature test specimens were produced of the traditional test specimens. Seven different steels and an Al-alloy were fatigue loaded (R = 0.1) at room temperature. Findings: The paper describes the results of fatigue tests performed on miniature tests specimens in comparison with traditional fatigue tests for several steels (and one Al-alloy) applied in power producing industry. Research limitations/implications: At present, questions on quantitative evaluation of remaining lifetime become urgent and because fatigue is the most frequent cause of materials degradation and resulting structural components failures, the most important means of remaining lifetime assessment is the evaluation of fatigue properties before and after some time of service. Originality/value: The original material data are usually tested by means of classic test specimens, which can be hardly used in case of components in service, where there is no possibility to withdraw sufficient volume of representative material for the classic test specimen manufacturing. In such cases today, new modern methods of semi-destructive removal of a small volume of test material by grinding or an electro-discharge are utilized. This makes it possible to produce a miniature test specimens.
EN
Machining of stainless steels is often an important used technology. Products made from these materials are often used in mechanical engineering and the quality of workpiece surface roughness after machining respective grinding is one of the important parameters that illustrates the quality of the machining process. This paper deals with the influence of cutting conditions when grinding steel X6CrNiMoTi (EN ISO) on the machined quality surface (roughness, circularity). Grinding of samples was carried out by feed grinding and the measured values were analyzed. On the machined samples parameters were all monitored and measured in the laboratory of precision measurements at the Faculty of Production Technology and Management of Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem and the devices Hommel tester T1000 and Hommel tester Form 1000 were used. Measuring was done according to ČSN EN ISO 4287.
10
51%
EN
Machining of stainless steels is often an important technology used in production. Products made from these materials are very often used in mechanical engineering, and quality of work-piece surface after machining respective grinding is one of the important parameters that to us speak about the quality of the machining process. One of these parameters that can to give evidence about the quality of the surface is for rotating part the roundness. Its measurement is one of the important sources of information about how cutting conditions can affect the quality of the machined surface. The paper deals with the influence of cutting conditions when grinding steel X6CrNiMoTi (EN ISO) on the roundness of a machined surface.
EN
Clinical and immunopathological evidence support a potential role of inflammatory cytokines in Alzheimer‘s disease (AD). However, studies examining the association between cytokine gene polymorphisms and risk of developing AD yielded conflicting results. The objective of our study was to evaluate the association between the functional polymorphisms in the TNF-α, TGF-β1, IL-10, IL-6 and IFNγ genes, respectively and the risk of AD in Slovak individuals. Fifty sporadic AD patients and 140 non-demented age-matched control subjects were genotyped in our case-control study. The observed allele and genotype frequencies in AD patients and controls did not reveal any statistically significant differences. In conclusion, our data suggest that there is no involvement of cytokine gene genetic variance in the development of AD in the Slovak population.
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