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3 Ćwięk H.

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O metodach działalności sowieckich służb specjalnych w II Rzeczypospolitej

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Ćwięk H.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

1999

tom nr 4(37)

250-260

Two institutions of soviet intelligence functioned on the Polish Second Republic’s territory: Main Office of State Security and Military Intelligence Bureau of Workers - Peasants Red Army. Each of them had a separate area of interests, specific tasks, different methods of work, although they worked in close co-operation. Soviet intelligence worked very effectively in Poland, using not only espionage rings but also individual agents. Various methods were employed to recruit agents. Secret service agents were specially trained. A great attention was drawn to teach them to use explosives, which were to be used in diversion and sabotage actions in Poland. The techniques of soviet secret service were diversified and very resourceful, particularly in military intelligence. The agents’ activities were based on a ring consisting of a resident and his/her informers, inner and outer intermediaries. The resident was a central figure, therefore a great effort was put to train and locate him/her well. The soviet side tried to use all abilities of people engaged in espionage activities. It had a lot of money and consequently tended to accomplish its planned tasks. Soviet secret service was very dangerous and could not be disrespected. The weak side of its activity, however, was frequent engaging to co-operation people of low intellectual level. It influenced in a negative way the effectiveness of some espionage endeavours. Some actions were accomplished according to old schemes.

Działania agenturalne polskich służb specjalnych w okresie międzywojennym

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Ćwięk H.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

2003

tom nr 4(53)

420-427

The activities of the Polish counter-intelligence in the between the wars period greatly depended on the political situation. Moreover, the changing international arrangements, the growth of foreign intelligence activities also influenced the defensive bodies. Agents work was an essential part of the secret activities. The Secret Service effects depended on their effectiveness. The motives to recruit agents were of great importance as they were a kind of binder in the co-operation period. The training of collaborates helped to gain necessary information, allowed to draw right conclusions from the observation and evaluate the recognised phenomena. The comparative analysis and checking the credibility of information was an important matter. The command of special services conducted periodical verifications of the agents in order to eliminate ineffective collaborates and improve the efficiency of activities. Poland’s protection against the influence of foreign intelligence was a very complex process. Therefore military branches tried to recognise the intentions of Germany and the Soviet Union. This goal was achieved to a certain degree, depending on the possibilities.

Efekty polskiego kontrwywiadu w zwalczaniu szpiegostwa niemieckiego w okresie narastającego zagrożenia ze strony III Rzeszy

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Ćwięk H.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

1999

tom nr 2(35)A Numer specialny

189-195